@article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{SchaeferEtAl2002a, year = {2002}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {52}, pages = {851-859}, author = {Schaefer, J.K. and Goodwin, K.D. and McDonald, I.R. and Murrell, J.C. and Oremland, R.S.}, title = {\textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine methylotroph that grows on methyl bromide.}, abstract = {A marine methylotroph, designated strain MB2T, was isolated for its ability to grow on methyl bromide as a sole carbon and energy source. Methyl chloride and methyl iodide also supported growth, as did methionine and glycine betaine. A limited amount of growth was observed with dimethyl sulfide. Growth was also noted with unidentified components of the complex media marine broth 2216, yeast extract and Casamino acids. No growth was observed on methylated amines, methanol, formate, acetate, glucose or a variety of other substrates. Growth on methyl bromide and methyl iodide resulted in their oxidation to CO2 with stoichiometric release of bromide and iodide, respectively. Strain MB2T exhibited growth optima at NaCl and Mg2+ concentrations similar to that of seawater. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence placed this strain in the alpha-\textit{Proteobacteria} in proximity to the genera \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Roseobacter}. It is proposed that strain MB2T (= ATCC BAA-92T = DSM 14336T) be designated \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} gen. nov., sp. nov..}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-52-3-851}, issue = {3}, pmid = {12054249} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008b, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2788-2793}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Segaert, E. and Mollica, A. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm, and emended descriptions of \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} Schaefer et al. 2002, \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} Yoon et al. 2007 and \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} Martens et al. 2006.}, abstract = {Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} was isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm grown on a stainless steel cathode (Genova, Italy) and was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This study demonstrated that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species within the genus \textit{Leisingera}, which shared 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with its nearest phylogenetic neighbour, \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans}. Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} grew on betaine (1 mM) as a sole carbon source, whereas no growth was observed on L-methionine (10 mM). The phenotypic and genotypic analyses showed that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} could be differentiated from established \textit{Leisingera} species and that it represented a novel species, for which the name \textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55860\textsuperscript{T}) and has a DNA G+C content of 61.4 mol%.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65844-0}, issue = {Pt 12}, pmid = {19060059} } @article{KhanEtAl2008b, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {383-386}, author = {Khan, S.T. and Takaichi, S. and Harayama, S.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus marinus} sp. nov., an adonixanthin diglucoside-producing bacterium isolated from coastal seawater in Tokyo Bay.}, abstract = {Two novel marine, Gram-negative, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacteria were isolated from coastal seawater in Tokyo Bay. Analysis of almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two isolates are members of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5 %) with \textit{Paracoccus aminophilus} NBRC 16710\textsuperscript{T}. The DNA-DNA reassociation values between \textit{P. aminophilus} NBRC 16710\textsuperscript{T} and these isolates were only 10-20 %, in contrast to the high DNA relatedness between the two isolates (89 %). At least 1 % (w/v) NaCl was required for growth. Cellular fatty acid profiles revealed C(18 : 1)omega7c as the major component and C(10 : 0) 3-OH as the major hydroxy fatty acid. Ubiquinone-10 was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of both strains was 69 mol%. On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that these strains should be placed in a novel species, \textit{Paracoccus marinus} sp. nov. The type strain is KKL-A5\textsuperscript{T} (=NBRC 100637\textsuperscript{T} =CIP 108500\textsuperscript{T}); KKL-B9 (=NBRC 100640) is a reference strain.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65103-0}, issue = {2}, pmid = {18218935} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{LeeEtAl2007k, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {1815-1818}, author = {Lee, K. and Choo, Y.J. and Giovannoni, S.J. and Cho, J.C.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria pelagia} sp. nov., isolated from the Sargasso Sea, Atlantic Ocean.}, abstract = {Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, short rod-shaped marine bacterial strains HTCC2662\textsuperscript{T} and HTCC2663, isolated from the Sargasso Sea by using a dilution-to-extinction culturing method, were investigated to determine their taxonomic position. Characterization of the two strains by phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that they belonged to the same species. The DNA G+C content of strain HTCC2662\textsuperscript{T} was 58.4 mol% and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C(18 : 1) omega 7c (52.5 %), C(16 : 0) 2-OH (13.5 %) and C(18 : 1) 11-methyl omega 7c (12.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains represented a distinct line of descent within the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, with highest sequence similarities to \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} DSM 5823\textsuperscript{T} (97.2 %), \textit{Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis} DSM 11314\textsuperscript{T} (96.5 %) and \textit{Ruegeria pomeroyi} DSM 15171\textsuperscript{T} (95.6 %). Several phenotypic characteristics, including facultatively requiring NaCl and oxygen for growth, together with the cellular fatty acid composition, differentiated strain HTCC2662\textsuperscript{T} from other members of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic traits, it is suggested that strains HTCC2662\textsuperscript{T} and HTCC2663 represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria pelagia} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HTCC2662\textsuperscript{T} (=KCCM 42378\textsuperscript{T}=NBRC 102038\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65032-0}, issue = {8}, pmid = {17684263} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{MuramatsuEtAl2007a, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {1304-1309}, author = {Muramatsu, Y. and Uchino, Y. and Kasai, H. and Suzuki, K. and Nakagawa, Y.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria mobilis} sp. nov., a member of the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} isolated in Japan and Palau.}, abstract = {The taxonomic positions of two bacterial strains, MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} and MBIC01099, isolated from marine environments of Japan and Palau, respectively, were determined by using a polyphasic approach. The bacteria were aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rods and formed star-shaped aggregations. The G+C content of the genomic DNA ranged from 58.5 to 58.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)omega6c and C(18 : 1)omega7c. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses based on both neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony methods revealed that strains MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} and MBIC01099 were positioned within the cluster comprising \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} and \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} within subgroup alpha-3 of the \textit{Proteobacteria}. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strains were similar to those of \textit{Ruegeria atlantica}; however, DNA-DNA hybridization tests showed that the isolates represented an independent species. The isolates could be differentiated from \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} based on several characteristics. Therefore, strains MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} and MBIC01099 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria mobilis} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} (=NBRC 101030\textsuperscript{T}=CIP 109181\textsuperscript{T}). An emended description of \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} Uchino et al. 1999 is also given.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64572-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {17551047} } @article{RugerHofle1992a, year = {1992}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {42}, pages = {133-143}, author = {Ruger, H.J. and Hofle, M.G.}, title = {Marine star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacteria: \textit{Agrobacterium atlanticum} sp. nov.; \textit{Agrobacterium meteori} sp. nov.; \textit{Agrobacterium ferrugineum} sp. nov., nom. rev.; \textit{Agrobacterium gelatinovorum} sp. nov., nom. rev.; and \textit{Agrobacterium stellulatum} sp. nov., nom. rev.}, abstract = {Two new species of aerobic, gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated or nonmotile marine bacteria usually forming star-shaped aggregates were isolated from northeastern Atlantic Ocean bottom sediments. These organisms resembled eight star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacterial species from the Baltic Sea originally ascribed to the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} but not included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names because of their questionable relationships to true agrobacteria. These two sets of star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacteria were compared by means of phenotypic data, DNA base compositions, DNA-DNA relatedness, and one-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of low-molecular-weight RNAs (5S rRNA and tRNA). According to the results of genotyping, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean isolates and three of the Baltic Sea species formed a group of closely related bacteria that could not be excluded from the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} with certainty. Until more genotypic data are available, these five marine species are regarded as a distinct subdivision of the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} consisting of \textit{Agrobacterium atlanticum} sp. nov. (type strain, 1480T = DSM 5823T), \textit{A. meteori} sp. nov. (type strain, 1513T = DSM 5824T), \textit{A. ferrugineum} sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 25652T), \textit{A. gelatinovorum} sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 25655T), and \textit{A. stellulatum} sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 15215T). "A. aggregatum" proved to be a later subjective synonym of \textit{A. stellulatum}, which had priority. The remaining four Baltic Sea species, "\textit{A. agile}," "\textit{A. kieliense}," "\textit{A. luteum}," and "\textit{A. sanguineum}," could not be placed in the new subdivision of \textit{Agrobacterium}.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-42-1-133}, issue = {1}, pmid = {1371058} } @article{UchinoEtAl1998c, year = {1998}, journal = {J Gen Appl Microbiol}, volume = {44}, pages = {201-210}, author = {Uchino, Y. and Hirata, A. and Yokota, A. and Sugiyama, J.}, title = {Reclassification of marine \textit{Agrobacterium} species: Proposals of \textit{Stappia stellulata} gen. nov., comb. nov., \textit{Stappia aggregata} sp. nov., nom. rev., \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} gen. nov., comb. nov., \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovora} comb. nov., \textit{Ruegeria algicola} comb. nov., and \textit{Ahrensia kieliense} gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev.}, abstract = {The bootstrapped 16S rDNA sequence-based neighbor-joining phylogeny has suggested that the marine species of the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} have no relation to the terrestrial \textit{Agrobacterium} species. \textit{Agrobacterium atlanticum} IAM 14463\textsuperscript{T} (a superscript \textsuperscript{T}=type strain), \textit{Agrobacterium ferrugineum} IAM 12616\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{Agrobacterium gelatinovorum} IAM 12617\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{Agrobacterium meteori} IAM 14464\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{Agrobacterium stellulatum} IAM 12621\textsuperscript{T} and IAM 12614, and the invalidly published marine species "\textit{Agrobacterium kieliense}" IAM 12618 occupy an independent position in the a-subclass of the \textit{Proteobacteria}. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and on chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological studies, we propose the transfer of \textit{A. atlanticum}, \textit{A. gelatinovorum}, and \textit{Roseobacter algicola} to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} gen. nov. as \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} comb. nov., \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovora} comb. nov., and \textit{Ruegeria algicola} comb. nov., respectively; of strains of \textit{A. stellulatum} to the genus \textit{Stappia} gen. nov. as \textit{Stappia stellulata} comb. nov. and \textit{Stappia aggregata} sp. nov., nom. rev., respectively; and of "\textit{A. kieliense}" to the genus \textit{Ahrensia} gen. nov. as \textit{Ahrensia kieliense} sp. nov., nom. rev. \textit{Agrobacterium meteori} is assigned to be a synonym of \textit{A. atlanticum}.}, doi = {10.2323/jgam.44.201}, issue = {3}, pmid = {12501429} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008a, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2726-2733}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Nercessian, O. and Segaert, E. and Achouak, W. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm.}, abstract = {Seventy isolates were obtained from a marine electroactive biofilm that was generated on a cathodically polarized stainless steel electrode (Genoa, Italy). The genetic diversity was investigated by means of BOX-PCR fingerprinting and two clusters of isolates with similar BOX-PCR profiles were delineated. Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the \textit{Roseobacter} lineage of the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and a biochemical analysis demonstrated that four isolates belonged to the species \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}. However, 66 isolates from the second BOX-PCR cluster constituted a novel species within the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov. is proposed. The DNA G+C content was 61.0+/-0.4 %. The type strain is LMG 24367\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55858\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65843-0}, issue = {12}, pmid = {19060048} } @article{YiEtAl2007b, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {815-819}, author = {Yi, H. and Lim, Y.W. and Chun, J.}, title = {Taxonomic evaluation of the genera \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Silicibacter}: a proposal to transfer the genus \textit{Silicibacter} Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999 to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} Uchino et al. 1999.}, abstract = {The taxonomic positions of the genera \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Silicibacter} were evaluated by a polyphasic investigation. It was evident from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis that both genera are closely related as they formed a monophyletic clade with high sequence similarities (96.9-98.2 %). Several properties commonly found in these taxa strongly suggest that they should be classified in the same genus. Further, a comparative study based on DNA-DNA hybridization, phenotypic characterization and chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the members of this clade, namely \textit{Ruegeria atlantica}, \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} and \textit{Silicibacter pomeroyi}, can be readily differentiated from each other. On the basis of the polyphasic data obtained in this study, all species of the genus \textit{Silicibacter} should be transferred to the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, since the latter has nomenclatural priority. It is therefore proposed that \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} and \textit{Silicibacter pomeroyi} are transferred to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} as \textit{Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis} comb. nov. and \textit{Ruegeria pomeroyi} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64568-0}, issue = {4}, pmid = {17392212} } @article{BreiderEtAl2017a, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2153-2159}, author = {Breider, S. and Freese, H.M. and Sproer, C. and Simon, M. and Overmann, J. and Brinkhoff, T.}, title = {\textit{Phaeobacter porticola} sp. nov., an antibiotic-producing bacterium isolated from a sea harbour.}, abstract = {Three heterotrophic, aerobic, brown-pigmented strains, designated P97T, P100 and P104, were isolated from a harbour in the southern North Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates are affiliated to the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization of the genome of strain P97T against those of existing type species indicated that P97T represents a novel species within the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}, with \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} T5T as the closest described organism (29.6 % DNA-DNA relatedness) followed by \textit{P. gallaeciensis} CIP 105210T (26.4 %). DNA-DNA hybridization demonstrated that the three new strains belong to the same species. The new isolates inhibited \textit{Pseudoalteromonas tunicata} DSM 14096T, and were Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, chemo-organoheterotrophic and motile. Growth occurred at pH 6.5-9.5 (optimum 7.0-8.0) and at 4-30 degrees C (optimum 20-28 degrees C). The strains required NaCl for growth. The salinity range was 0.5-6.0 % (w/v) NaCl for P97T and P100, and 0.5-5.0 % for P104, lower than values described for \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} and \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens}. The optimum NaCl concentration for strains P97T and P104 was 2.0-4.0 %, and for P100 was 2.0-3.0 %. Fatty acids (>1 %) comprised 18 : 1omega7c, 16 : 0, 18 : 1 omega7c 11-methyl, 18 : 0, 12 :1, 18 : 2omega7c,12, 10 : 0 3-OH and 12 : 0 3-OH. Polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an aminolipid, one unknown lipid and one additional unknown lipid in strain P97T. The major respiratory quinone was Q10. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic differences, the strains represent a novel species in the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}, for which the name \textit{Phaeobacter porticola} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P97T (=DSM 103148T=LMG 29594T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001879}, issue = {7}, pmid = {28699865} } @article{KlotzEtAl2018a, year = {2018}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {68}, pages = {736-744}, author = {Klotz, F. and Brinkhoff, T. and Freese, H.M. and Wietz, M. and Teske, A. and Simon, M. and Giebel, H.A.}, title = {\textit{Tritonibacter horizontis} gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the \textit{Rhodobacteraceae}, isolated from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.}, abstract = {A heterotrophic, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, sodium-requiring and motile bacterium was isolated from oil-contaminated surface water of the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Strain O3.65\textsuperscript{T} showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} T5\textsuperscript{T}, both with 98.3 %, respectively. Based on complete genome analysis, highest similarity was observed to species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}. Strain O3.65\textsuperscript{T} exhibited a broad salinity, temperature and pH range of 0.5-10 % NaCl, 4-45 degrees C and 5.5-9.0, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain O3.65\textsuperscript{T} was 61.5 mol%. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10), the most dominant fatty acids (>1 %) comprised 18 : 1omega7c and 18 : 1omega7c 11-methyl, 10 : 0 3OH, 12 : 1 3OH, 14 : 1 3OH/3-oxo-14 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 0 2OH, 18 : 1 2OH and 12 : 1. The polar lipid pattern indicated presence of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and seven unidentified lipids. On Difco marine broth agar, strain O3.65\textsuperscript{T} formed smooth, shiny white to beige and convex colonies with regular edges. Phylogenetic, phylogenomic and phenotypic differences revealed that strain O3.65\textsuperscript{T} represents a new species of a novel genus within the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae}, for which we propose the name \textit{Tritonibacter horizontis} gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is O3.65\textsuperscript{T} (=DSM 101689\textsuperscript{T}=LMG 29740\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.002573}, issue = {3}, pmid = {29458459} } @article{LiangEtAl2021j, year = {2021}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {12}, pages = {683109}, author = {Liang, K.Y.H. and Orata, F.D. and Boucher, Y.F. and Case, R.J.}, title = {Roseobacters in a Sea of Poly- and Paraphyly: Whole Genome-Based Taxonomy of the Family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} and the Proposal for the Split of the "\textit{Roseobacter} Clade" Into a Novel Family, \textit{Roseobacteraceae} fam. nov.}, abstract = {The family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} consists of alphaproteobacteria that are metabolically, phenotypically, and ecologically diverse. It includes the roseobacter clade, an informal designation, representing one of the most abundant groups of marine bacteria. The rapid pace of discovery of novel roseobacters in the last three decades meant that the best practice for taxonomic classification, a polyphasic approach utilizing phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics, was not always followed. Early efforts for classification relied heavily on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and resulted in numerous taxonomic inconsistencies, with several poly- and paraphyletic genera within this family. Next-generation sequencing technologies have allowed whole-genome sequences to be obtained for most type strains, making a revision of their taxonomy possible. In this study, we performed whole-genome phylogenetic and genotypic analyses combined with a meta-analysis of phenotypic data to review taxonomic classifications of 331 type strains (under 119 genera) within the \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} family. Representatives of the roseobacter clade not only have different environmental adaptions from other \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} isolates but were also found to be distinct based on genomic, phylogenetic, and in silico-predicted phenotypic data. As such, we propose to move this group of bacteria into a new family, \textit{Roseobacteraceae} fam. nov. In total, reclassifications resulted to 327 species and 128 genera, suggesting that misidentification is more problematic at the genus than species level. By resolving taxonomic inconsistencies of type strains within this family, we have established a set of coherent criteria based on whole-genome-based analyses that will help guide future taxonomic efforts and prevent the propagation of errors.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.683109}, pmid = {34248901} } @article{ParkYoon2012b, year = {2012}, journal = {Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek}, volume = {102}, pages = {581-589}, author = {Park, S. and Yoon, J.H.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria arenilitoris} sp. nov., isolated from the seashore sand around a seaweed farm.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, G-M8\textsuperscript{T}, which was isolated from seashore sand around a seaweed farm at Geoje island in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. It grew optimally at 30-37 degrees C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain G-M8\textsuperscript{T} joined the cluster comprising the type strains of \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} and \textit{Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis}, showing 97.5 % sequence similarity, by a bootstrap resampling value of 85.8 %. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.4-96.7 % to the type strains of the other \textit{Ruegeria} species. Strain G-M8\textsuperscript{T} exhibited the highest gyrB sequence similarity value (88.5 %) to the type strain of \textit{R. lacuscaerulensis}. Strain G-M8\textsuperscript{T} contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18:1) omega7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain G-M8\textsuperscript{T} was similar to that of \textit{R. atlantica} KCTC 12424\textsuperscript{T}. The DNA G+C content of strain G-M8\textsuperscript{T} was 64.6 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with \textit{R. atlantica} KCTC 12424\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{R. lacuscaerulensis} KCTC 2953\textsuperscript{T} were 18 +/- 5.3 and 10 +/- 3.6 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain G-M8\textsuperscript{T} is distinguished from other \textit{Ruegeria} species. On the basis of the data presented, strain G-M8\textsuperscript{T} (=KCTC 23960\textsuperscript{T} = CCUG 62412\textsuperscript{T}) represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria arenilitoris} sp. nov. is proposed.}, doi = {10.1007/s10482-012-9753-8}, issue = {4}, pmid = {22669198} } @article{LiuEtAl2019ac, year = {2019}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {69}, pages = {2565-2570}, author = {Liu, Z.X. and Dorji, P. and Liu, H.C. and Li, A.H. and Zhou, Y.G.}, title = {\textit{Tabrizicola sediminis} sp. nov., one aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria from sediment of saline lake.}, abstract = {Two strains of Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, short-rod bacteria, designated as DRYC-M-16\textsuperscript{T} and WMC-M-20, were isolated from sediment samples of two saline lakes in the Tibet of China. Both of the strains were catalase- and oxidase-positive. Optimal growth of strain DRYC-M-16\textsuperscript{T} occurred at 20-25 degrees C, pH 7.0-7.5 and with 1.5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains DRYC-M-16\textsuperscript{T} and WMC-M-20 belonged to the genus \textit{Tabrizicola}, and showed the highest similarities to \textit{Tabrizicola aquatica} KCTC 23724\textsuperscript{T} (96.9 %) and \textit{Tabrizicola fusiformis} KCTC 62105\textsuperscript{T} (96.7 %). The DNA G+C contents of strains DRYC-M-16\textsuperscript{T} and WMC-M-20 were 63.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. The main polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and several unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), aminolipid (AL), phospholipids (PL) and lipids (L). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The major cellular fatty acids of the two strains were iso-C18 : 0 and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1 omega7c/C18 : 1 omega6c). Comprehensive analysis of the genotypic, physiological, biochemical and phenotypic characteristics indicated that the two strains should be classified as a novel species of the genus \textit{Tabrizicola}, proposed as \textit{Tabrizicola} sediminissp. nov., with the type strain DRYC-M-16\textsuperscript{T} (=CGMCC 1.13881\textsuperscript{T}=KCTC 72105 \textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.003542}, issue = {8}, pmid = {31219417} } @article{MaEtAl2022j, year = {2022}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {13}, pages = {849695}, author = {Ma, T. and Xue, H. and Piao, C. and Liu, C. and Yang, M. and Bian, D. and Li, Y.}, title = {Reclassification of 11 Members of the Family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} at Genus and Species Levels and Proposal of \textit{Pseudogemmobacter hezensis} sp. nov.}, abstract = {A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile bacterial strain, D13-10-4-6\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from the bark sample of Populus x euramericana. The strain could grow at 15-35 degrees C, at pH 6-10 and in 0-4% (w/v) NaCl, and the strain tested positive for oxidase and catalase activities. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The main respiratory quinone was Q-10, and the predominant fatty acid was C18:1 omega7c. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the strain belonged to the genus \textit{Pseudogemmobacter} of the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae}. The family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} is an ecologically diverse group that includes bacteria from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence, the classification of the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} is difficult, not least when the early taxonomy work relied heavily on 16S rRNA gene analysis. Recently, the taxonomic status of many members of the family has been revised based on the genome analysis; however, there are still some classification conflicts due to the lack of genome sequences and parallel publication time. In this study, phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene, gyrB gene, and 120 concatenated proteins, the average amino acid identity (AAI) and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) have been used for the analysis of strain D13-10-4-6\textsuperscript{T} and other members of 15 genera within the family to further clarify their taxonomic relationships. For the data of phylogeny, AAI, and POCP, the taxonomic proposals are (1) reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter tardus} as the type species of a novel genus, \textit{Stagnihabitans} gen. nov., as \textit{Stagnihabitans tardus} comb. nov.; (2) reclassification of \textit{Tabrizicola alkalilacus}, \textit{Tabrizicola sediminis}, \textit{Tabrizicola algicola} into a novel genus, \textit{Pseudotabrizicola} gen. nov., as \textit{Pseudotabrizicola alkalilacus} comb. nov., \textit{Pseudotabrizicola sediminis} comb. nov., \textit{Pseudotabrizicola algicola} comb. nov.; (3) reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter sediminicola} into the genus \textit{Cereibacter} as \textit{Cereibacter sediminicola} comb. nov.; (4) reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter flagellatus}, \textit{Rhodobacter thermarum}, and \textit{Xinfangfangia soli} into the genus \textit{Tabrizicola} as \textit{Tabrizicola flagellatus} comb. nov., \textit{Tabrizicola thermarum} comb. Nov., and \textit{Tabrizicola soli} comb. nov.; (5) reclassification of \textit{Xinfangfangia humi} into the genus \textit{Pseudogemmobacter} as \textit{Pseudogemmobacter humicola} comb. nov.; (6) classification of strain D13-10-4-6\textsuperscript{T} as a novel species of the genus \textit{Pseudogemmobacter}, for which the name \textit{P. hezensis} sp. nov. is proposed, the type strain is D13-10-4-6\textsuperscript{T} (= CFCC 12033\textsuperscript{T} = KCTC 82215\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.849695}, pmid = {35495672} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{SrinivasEtAl2007b, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {1984-1987}, author = {Srinivas, T.N. and Kumar, P.A. and Sasikala, C.h. and Ramana, C.h.V. and Imhoff, J.F.}, title = {\textit{Rhodobacter vinaykumarii} sp. nov., a marine phototrophic alphaproteobacterium from tidal waters, and emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {A rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from seawater collected from the seashore of Visakhapatnam, on the east coast of India, in a medium that contained 2 % NaCl (w/v). Strain JA123\textsuperscript{T} was Gram-negative and non-motile and had a requirement for NaCl. Photo-organoheterotrophic and chemo-organoheterotrophic growth occurred with organic compounds as carbon sources and electron donors. Photolithoautotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic and fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. Strain JA123\textsuperscript{T} contained vesicular intracellular photosynthetic membrane structures. Bacteriochlorophyll a and probably carotenoids of the spheroidene series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Biotin was required for growth. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA123\textsuperscript{T} clustered with species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA123\textsuperscript{T} is sufficiently different from other \textit{Rhodobacter} species to propose a novel species, \textit{Rhodobacter vinaykumarii} sp. nov., to accommodate this strain; the type strain is JA123\textsuperscript{T} (=DSM 18714\textsuperscript{T} =JCM 14544\textsuperscript{T} =CCUG 54311\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65077-0}, issue = {Pt 9}, pmid = {17766859} } @article{SureshEtAl2019a, year = {2019}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {10}, pages = {2480}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {The genus \textit{Rhodobacter} is taxonomically well studied, and some members are model organisms. However, this genus is comprised of a heterogeneous group of members. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} indicates a motley assemblage of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (genus \textit{Rhodobacter}) with interspersing members of other genera (chemotrophs) making the genus polyphyletic. Taxogenomics was performed to resolve the taxonomic conflicts of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} using twelve type strains. The phylogenomic analysis showed that \textit{Rhodobacter} spp. can be grouped into four monophyletic clusters with interspersing chemotrophs. Genomic indices (ANI and dDDH) confirmed that all the current species are well defined, except \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus}. The average amino acid identity values between the monophyletic clusters of \textit{Rhodobacter} members, as well as with the chemotrophic genera, are less than 80% whereas the percentage of conserved proteins values were below 70%, which has been observed among several genera related to \textit{Rhodobacter}. The pan-genome analysis has shown that there are only 1239 core genes shared between the 12 species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis supports the phylogenomic and genomic studies in distinguishing the four \textit{Rhodobacter} clusters. Each cluster is comprised of one to seven species according to the current \textit{Rhodobacter} taxonomy. Therefore, to address this taxonomic discrepancy we propose to reclassify the members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} into three new genera, \textit{Luteovulum} gen. nov., \textit{Phaeovulum} gen. nov. and \textit{Fuscovulum} gen. nov., and provide an emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} sensu stricto. Also, we propose reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} as a sub-species of \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480}, pmid = {31736915} } @article{KatayamaEtAl1995a, year = {1995}, journal = {Microbiology (Reading)}, volume = {141}, pages = {1469-1477}, author = {Katayama, Y. and Hiraishi, A. and Kuraishi, H.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus thiocyanatus} sp. nov., a new species of thiocyanate-utilizing facultative chemolithotroph, and transfer of \textit{Thiobacillus versutus} to the genus \textit{Paracoccus} as \textit{Paracoccus versutus} comb. nov. with emendation of the genus.}, abstract = {A facultatively chemolithotrophic thiocyanate-degrading bacterium, strain THI 011T, which was previously isolated from activated sludge and tentatively named \textit{Thiobacillus} sp., was studied taxonomically and phylogenetically. This bacterium utilizes thiocyanate as sole energy source and the specific growth rate for chemolithoautotrophic growth with thiocyanate was 0.059 h-1. Molecular phylogenetic relationships of strain THI 011T to \textit{Thiobacillus versutus} and members of the genus \textit{Paracoccus} were elucidated by comparing 16S rRNA gene sequences. Binary sequence comparisons showed that strain THI 011T was most related to \textit{Paracoccus aminophilus}, at a similarity level of 97.0%, and \textit{T. versutus} was most similar to \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans}, at a level of 99.1%. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree showed that strain THI 011T formed a cluster together with \textit{T. versutus} and known species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus} within the alpha-3 subclass of the \textit{Proteobacteria}. DNA-DNA hybridization assays and phenotypic studies indicated that strain THI 011T differed from \textit{T. versutus} and known species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}. On the basis of these results, we propose to classify strain THI 011T into a new species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus} with the name \textit{Paracoccus thiocyanatus} sp. nov. We also propose to transfer \textit{T. versutus} to the genus \textit{Paracoccus} and present an emended description of the genus.}, doi = {10.1099/13500872-141-6-1469}, issue = {6}, pmid = {7545513} } @article{ArunasriEtAl2008a, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {1792-1796}, author = {Arunasri, K. and Venkata Ramana, V. and Sproer, C. and Sasikala, C.h. and Ramana, C.h.V.}, title = {\textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} sp. nov., a phototroph from the Indian Himalayas possessing a wide temperature range for growth.}, abstract = {Two strains of phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacteria capable of growing at low temperatures (5 degrees C) were isolated from the Himalayas. The two strains showed positive phototaxis and grew over a relatively wide temperature range (5-40 degrees C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA194T clustered with members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. Strain JA194T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides} DSM 158T (99 %). However, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between Rba. sphaeroides DSM 158T and strain JA194T revealed a level of relatedness of only 67 %. The DNA base composition of strain JA194T was 66.67 mol% G+C (by HPLC). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological, physiological, Fourier transform infrared fingerprinting and DNA-DNA hybridization studies, strain JA194T (=KCTC 5602T =JCM 14598T) is sufficiently different from other \textit{Rhodobacter} species to merit its description as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} sp. nov. is proposed.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65642-0}, issue = {8}, pmid = {18676458} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{SureshEtAl2019a, year = {2019}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {10}, pages = {2480}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {The genus \textit{Rhodobacter} is taxonomically well studied, and some members are model organisms. However, this genus is comprised of a heterogeneous group of members. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} indicates a motley assemblage of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (genus \textit{Rhodobacter}) with interspersing members of other genera (chemotrophs) making the genus polyphyletic. Taxogenomics was performed to resolve the taxonomic conflicts of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} using twelve type strains. The phylogenomic analysis showed that \textit{Rhodobacter} spp. can be grouped into four monophyletic clusters with interspersing chemotrophs. Genomic indices (ANI and dDDH) confirmed that all the current species are well defined, except \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus}. The average amino acid identity values between the monophyletic clusters of \textit{Rhodobacter} members, as well as with the chemotrophic genera, are less than 80% whereas the percentage of conserved proteins values were below 70%, which has been observed among several genera related to \textit{Rhodobacter}. The pan-genome analysis has shown that there are only 1239 core genes shared between the 12 species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis supports the phylogenomic and genomic studies in distinguishing the four \textit{Rhodobacter} clusters. Each cluster is comprised of one to seven species according to the current \textit{Rhodobacter} taxonomy. Therefore, to address this taxonomic discrepancy we propose to reclassify the members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} into three new genera, \textit{Luteovulum} gen. nov., \textit{Phaeovulum} gen. nov. and \textit{Fuscovulum} gen. nov., and provide an emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} sensu stricto. Also, we propose reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} as a sub-species of \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480}, pmid = {31736915} } @article{SureshEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {1111}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Corrigendum: Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480.].}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01111}, pmid = {32582079} } @article{ArahalEtAl2005a, year = {2005}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {55}, pages = {2371-2376}, author = {Arahal, D.R. and Macian, M.C. and Garay, E. and Pujalte, M.J.}, title = {\textit{Thalassobius mediterraneus} gen. nov., sp. nov., and reclassification of \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovorans} as \textit{Thalassobius gelatinovorus} comb. nov.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, non-pigmented, strictly aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from sea water off the western Mediterranean coast near Valencia (Spain). This strain was able to grow on several organic acids and amino acids added to a minimal medium as carbon sources, but used few carbohydrates or yielded slight growth when sugars were used. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain XSM19T was a member of the \textit{Roseobacter} group within the '\textit{Alphaproteobacteria}', with its closest phylogenetic neighbour being \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovorans} (97.6 % sequence similarity). Following a polyphasic approach, it was concluded that strain XSM19T represents a new genus and novel species, for which the name \textit{Thalassobius mediterraneus} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XSM19T (=CECT 5383T=CIP 108400T=CCUG 49438T). It is also proposed that \textit{R. gelatinovorans} (Ruger & Hofle 1992) Uchino et al. 1999 is reclassified as \textit{Thalassobius gelatinovorus} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63842-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {16280499} } @article{DeshmukhOren2023aaaj, year = {2023}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {73}, pages = {6025}, author = {Deshmukh, U.B. and Oren, A.}, title = {Proposal of \textit{Thalassovita} gen. nov. and \textit{Alloyangia} gen. nov. as replacement names for the illegitimate prokaryotic generic names \textit{Thalassobius} and \textit{Yangia}, respectively.}, abstract = {The prokaryotic generic names \textit{Thalassobius} Arahal et al. 2005 and \textit{Yangia} Dai et al. 2006 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the genus names \textit{Thalassobius} Solier 1849 (Coleoptera) and \textit{Yangia} Zheng 1997 (fossil Rodentia), respectively Principle two and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes]. We therefore propose the replacement generic names \textit{Thalassovita} and \textit{Alloyangia}, with type species \textit{Thalassovita gelatinovora} and \textit{Alloyangia pacifica}, respectively.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006025}, issue = {9}, pmid = {37695726} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{ZhangEtAl2019i, year = {2019}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {69}, pages = {1472-1476}, author = {Zhang, G. and Jiao, K. and Xie, F. and Pei, S. and Jiang, L.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus subflavus} sp. nov., isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment.}, abstract = {A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated GY0581\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from marine sediment sampled from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GY0581\textsuperscript{T} belonged to the genus \textit{Paracoccus} and had the highest levels of sequence similarity to \textit{Paracoccus sediminis} JCM 18467\textsuperscript{T} (98.2 %). Levels of similarity between strain GY0581\textsuperscript{T} and other \textit{Paracoccus} species were lower than 97.0 %. The average nucleotide identity and the DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain GY0581\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{P. sediminis} JCM 18467\textsuperscript{T} were 83.9 and 27 %, respectively, which are below the respective thresholds for species differentiation. The major cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1omega7c (79.5 %). The only isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain GY0581\textsuperscript{T} was 65.6 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, it is concluded that strain GY0581\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, for which the name \textit{Paracoccus subflavus} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GY0581\textsuperscript{T} (=KCTC 42710\textsuperscript{T}=MCCC 1A10575\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.003344}, issue = {5}, pmid = {30888313} } @article{LiuEtAl2013ay, year = {2013}, journal = {Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek}, volume = {103}, pages = {1133-1139}, author = {Liu, Y. and Xie, Q.Y. and Hong, K. and Li, L. and Zhao, Y.M. and Tang, Y.L. and An, J.Y. and Zhu, P.P. and Xu, C.H.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus siganidrum} sp. nov., isolated from fish gastrointestinal tract.}, abstract = {A bacterial strain, designated M26\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from a fish gastrointestinal tract, collected from Zhanjiang Port, South China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain M26\textsuperscript{T} belongs to the subclass alpha-\textit{Proteobacteria}, being related to the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, and sharing highest sequence similarity with \textit{Paracoccus alcaliphilus} JCM 7364\textsuperscript{T} (98.1 %), \textit{Paracoccus huijuniae} FLN-7\textsuperscript{T} (97.3 %), \textit{Paracoccus stylophorae} KTW-16\textsuperscript{T} (97.1 %) and \textit{Paracoccus seriniphilus} DSM 14827\textsuperscript{T} (96.9 %). The major quinone was determined to be ubiquinone Q-10, with Q-9 and Q-8 as minor components. The major fatty acid was identified as C18:1omega7c, with smaller amounts of C18:0 and C16:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 64.3 mol%. The DNA hybridization value between strain M26\textsuperscript{T} and the most closely related type strain, \textit{P. alcaliphilus}, was 29.0 +/- 1.0 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and low DNA-DNA relatedness showed that the strain could be readily distinguished from closely related species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain M26\textsuperscript{T} is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, for which the name \textit{Paracoccus siganidrum} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M26\textsuperscript{T} (=CCTCC AB 2012865\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 26381\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1007/s10482-013-9894-4}, issue = {5}, pmid = {23546859} } @article{DaneshvarEtAl2003c, year = {2003}, journal = {J Clin Microbiol}, volume = {41}, pages = {1289-1294}, author = {Daneshvar, M.I. and Hollis, D.G. and Weyant, R.S. and Steigerwalt, A.G. and Whitney, A.M. and Douglas, M.P. and Macgregor, J.P. and Jordan, J.G. and Mayer, L.W. and Rassouli, S.M. and Barchet, W. and Munro, C. and Shuttleworth, L. and Bernard, K.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus yeeii} sp. nov. (formerly CDC group EO-2), a novel bacterial species associated with human infection.}, abstract = {CDC eugonic oxidizer group 2 (EO-2) is a group of unclassified gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from various human sources. As determined by biochemical tests and analyses of fatty acid compositions, these organisms form a homogeneous group that appears to be distinct from but related to other \textit{Paracoccus} species. Molecular studies were performed on a set of 13 EO-2 strains from various clinical sources and geographic locations in the United States and Canada to determine their relationship to the \textit{Paracoccus} genus. Control strains were \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans} ATCC 17741\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{P. versutus} ATCC 25364\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{P. aminophilus} ATCC 49673\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{P. solventivorans} ATCC 700252\textsuperscript{T}, and \textit{Psychrobacter immobilis} ATCC 43116\textsuperscript{T}, which are phenotypically similar to EO-2. Nearly complete (1,500-base) 16S rRNA gene sequencing of eight EO-2 strains showed a high level of sequence similarity (>99.3%) within the group, and a BLAST search of GenBank placed the EO-2 cluster in close proximity to \textit{Paracoccus} species (95 to 97% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization studies of 13 of the EO-2 strains showed all to be related at the species level, with >70% relatedness under stringent conditions and a divergence within the group of less than 2%. None of the \textit{Paracoccus} control strains hybridized at >54% with any of the EO-2 strains. These results indicate that EO-2 represents a new \textit{Paracoccus} species, the first isolated from human clinical specimens. A new species, \textit{Paracoccus yeeii}, is proposed for the EO-2 strains. The type strain of \textit{P. yeeii} is CDCG1212 (ATCC BAA-599 and CCUG 46822), isolated in Pennsylvania from dialysate of a 77-year-old male with peritonitis.}, doi = {10.1128/jcm.41.3.1289-1294.2003}, issue = {3}, pmid = {12624070} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{WuEtAl2013z, year = {2013}, journal = {Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek}, volume = {104}, pages = {123-128}, author = {Wu, Z.G. and Zhang, D.F. and Liu, Y.L. and Wang, F. and Jiang, X. and Li, C. and Li, S.P. and Hong, Q. and Li, W.J.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus zhejiangensis} sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge in wastewater-treatment system.}, abstract = {A bacterial strain, designated J6\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from activated sludge, collected from a chemical wastewater treatment system in Zhejiang Province of China. The cells stained Gram-negative, were aerobic, pale-yellow, and non-motile short rods. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the closest relative of this organism was \textit{Paracoccus aminophilus} KACC 12262\textsuperscript{T} = JCM 7686\textsuperscript{T} (97.4 % sequence similarity). Strain J6\textsuperscript{T} grew at 10-37 degrees C (optimum 30 degrees C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-5 % NaCl (optimum 3 %, w/v). The predominant cellular fatty acid found was summed feature 8(C18:1 omega7c and/or C18:1 omega6c; 82.8 %). The major respiratory quinone-detected was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content was 61.9 mol %. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and several unknown polar lipids. Strain J6\textsuperscript{T} showed low DNA-DNA relatedness values with \textit{P. aminophilus} KACC 12262\textsuperscript{T} (28 +/- 3 %). The phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, whole-cell fatty acid composition as well as biochemical characteristics allowed clear differentiation of the isolate from the other type strains of already described \textit{Paracoccus} species. It is evident from the genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses that strain J6\textsuperscript{T} should be classified as a novel species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, for which the name \textit{P. zhejiangensis} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J6\textsuperscript{T} (KACC 16703\textsuperscript{T} = CCTCC AB 2012031\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1007/s10482-013-9932-2}, issue = {1}, pmid = {23653121} } @article{ArahalEtAl2018a, year = {2018}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {68}, pages = {2515-2522}, author = {Arahal, D.R. and Lucena, T. and Rodrigo-Torres, L. and Pujalte, M.J.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria denitrificans} sp. nov., a marine bacterium in the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} with the potential ability for cyanophycin synthesis.}, abstract = {Strain CECT 5091\textsuperscript{T}, an aerobic, marine, Gram-reaction- and Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacterium was isolated from oysters harvested off the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain within the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, in the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae}, with 16S rRNA gene similarities of 98.7, 98.7 and 98.4 % to \textit{Ruegeria conchae}, \textit{Ruegeria} atlanticaand \textit{Ruegeria arenilitoris}, respectively. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) were determined, comparing the genome sequence of CECT 5091\textsuperscript{T} with those of the type strains of 12 species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}: the values obtained were always below the thresholds (95-96 % ANI, 70 % in silico DDH) used to define genomic species, proving that CECT 5091\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}. The strain was slightly halophilic and mesophilic, with optimum growth at 26 degrees C, pH 7.0 and 3 % salinity, it required sodium and magnesium ions for growth and was able to reduce nitrate to dinitrogen. Carbon sources for growth include some carbohydrates (d-ribose, d-glucose, l-rhamnose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) and multiple organic acids and amino acids. The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1omega7c and/or C18 : 1omega6c), representing 70 % of the total fatty acids. Carbon monoxide oxidation, cyanophycin synthetic ability and phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine production are predicted from genome annotation, while bacteriochlorophyll a production was absent. The DNA G+C content of the genome was 56.7 mol%. We propose the name Ruegeriadenitrificans sp. nov. and strain CECT 5091\textsuperscript{T} (=5OM10\textsuperscript{T}=LMG 29896\textsuperscript{T}) as the type strain for the novel species.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.002867}, issue = {8}, pmid = {29944092} } @article{JungEtAl2014f, year = {2014}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {64}, pages = {2763-2769}, author = {Jung, Y.T. and Park, S. and Lee, J.S. and Yoon, J.H.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus lutimaris} sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, coccoid or oval-shaped and gliding bacterial strain, designated HDM-25\textsuperscript{T}, belonging to the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment of the Yellow Sea, Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 degrees C and in the presence of 2-3% (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} fell within the clade comprising the species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, clustering with the type strain of \textit{Paracoccus aminophilus}, with which it exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.7%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} and the type strains of the other species of \textit{Paracoccus} was 93.6-97.0%. The DNA G+C content was 65.9 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness between strain HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} and the type strain of \textit{P. aminophilus} was 10.7+/-2.7% (9.9+/-4.0%, reciprocal analysis). Strain HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 8 (C(18 : 1)omega7c and/or C(18 : 1)omega6c) and C(16 : 0) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} is distinguishable from other species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}. On the basis of the data presented, strain HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} is considered to represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, for which the name \textit{Paracoccus lutimaris} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HDM-25\textsuperscript{T} ( = KCTC 42007\textsuperscript{T} = CECT 8525\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.064865-0}, issue = {8}, pmid = {24860114} } @article{Nakamura2015a, year = {2015}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {65}, pages = {3878-3884}, author = {Nakamura, A.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus laeviglucosivorans} sp. nov., an l-glucose-utilizing bacterium isolated from soil.}, abstract = {Strain 43P\textsuperscript{T} was isolated as an l-glucose-utilizing bacterium from soil in Japan. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and non-motile cocci. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed high similarity to that of \textit{Paracoccus limosus} (98.5 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this strain belongs to the genus \textit{Paracoccus}. Strain 43P\textsuperscript{T} contained Q-10 as the sole isoprenoid quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were C18: 1omega7c or C18: 1omega6c and C16: 0, and C18: 0, C18: 1omega9c, C10: 0 3-OH and summed feature 2 were detected as minor components. The DNA G+C content of strain 43P\textsuperscript{T} was 64.1 mol%. Strain 43P\textsuperscript{T} contained the major polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown glycolipids. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 43P\textsuperscript{T} and the six related type strains of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, including \textit{P. limosus}, was below 23 %. Based on the chemotaxonomic and physiological data and the values of DNA-DNA relatedness, especially the ability to assimilate l-glucose, this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, for which the name \textit{Paracoccus laeviglucosivorans} sp. nov. (type strain 43P\textsuperscript{T} = JCM 30587\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 100094\textsuperscript{T}) is proposed.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.000508}, issue = {11}, pmid = {26243274} } @article{BeijerinckMinkman1910b, year = {1910}, journal = {Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II}, volume = {25}, pages = {30-63}, author = {Beijerinck, M.W. and Minkman, D.C.J.}, title = {Bildung und Verbrauch von Stickstoffoxydul durch Bakterien.} } @article{DavisEtAl1969a, year = {1969}, journal = {International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology}, volume = {19}, pages = {375-390}, author = {Davis, D.H. and Doudoroff, M. and Stanier, R.Y. and Mandel, M.}, title = {Proposal to reject the genus \textit{Hydrogenomonas}: taxonomic implications.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-19-4-375}, issue = {4} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{LudwigEtAl1993a, year = {1993}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {43}, pages = {363-367}, author = {Ludwig, W. and Mittenhuber, G. and Friedrich, C.G.}, title = {Transfer of \textit{Thiosphaera pantotropha} to \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans}.}, abstract = {Comparative sequence analysis of in vitro-amplified 16S rRNA genes of \textit{Thiosphaera pantotropha} GB17T (T = type strain) and \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans} LMG 4218T revealed identical 16S rRNA primary structures for the two organisms. The level of overall DNA similarity of \textit{Thiosphaera pantotropha} GB17T and \textit{P. denitrificans} DSM 65T is 85%, as determined by quantitative DNA-DNA hybridization. Therefore, we propose the transfer of \textit{Thiosphaera pantotropha} to \textit{P. denitrificans}. The closest relative of \textit{Thiosphaera pantotropha} and \textit{P. denitrificans} is \textit{Thiobacillus versutus}, as revealed by comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis. These organisms are members of the alpha subclass of the \textit{Proteobacteria}. Within this subclass, \textit{Thiosphaera pantotropha}, \textit{P. denitrificans}, and \textit{Thiobacillus versutus} form a phylogenetic group with \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}, \textit{Rhodobacter capsulatus}, and "\textit{Erythrobacter longus}."}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-43-2-363}, issue = {2}, pmid = {8494744} } @article{NokhalSchlegel1983a, year = {1983}, journal = {Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.}, volume = {33}, pages = {26-37}, author = {Nokhal, T.H. and Schlegel, H.G.}, title = {Taxonomic study of \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans}.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-33-1-26}, issue = {1} } @article{RaineyEtAl1999b, year = {1999}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {49}, pages = {645-651}, author = {Rainey, F.A. and Kelly, D.P. and Stackebrandt, E. and Burghardt, J. and Hiraishi, A. and Katayama, Y. and Wood, A.P.}, title = {A re-evaluation of the taxonomy of \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans} and a proposal for the combination \textit{Paracoccus pantotrophus} comb. nov.}, abstract = {Comparison of both 16S rRNA coding sequences and DNA-DNA hybridization of ten strains of alpha-subclass of \textit{Proteobacteria} currently classified as strains of \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans} has shown that they fall into two groups which are distinct from each other at the species level. Comparison with published data on the cytochrome c profiles and other 16S rRNA coding sequences in the literature has confirmed these observations and enabled several other strains also to be assigned to these two groups. Group A comprises strains ATCC 17741T (the type strain of \textit{P. denitrificans}), LMD 22.21T, DSM 413T, ATCC 19367, ATCC 13543, DSM 1404, DSM 1405, Pd 1222 (a genetic modification of DSM 413T) and NCIMB 8944. Group B comprises ATCC 35512T (the original type strain of \textit{Thiosphaera pantotropha}), LMD 82.5T, LMD 92.63, DSM 65, LMG 4218, IAM 12479, JCM 6892, DSM 11072, DSM 11073 and DSM 11104. In light of these findings, it is proposed that: (1) strains of group A are retained as \textit{P. denitrificans}, with ATCC 17741T as the type strain of the type species; and (2) all strains of group B are assigned to the new species combination \textit{Paracoccus pantotrophus} comb. nov., with strain ATCC 35512T as the type strain. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization of strains of \textit{Paracoccus versutus} confirm that this species is distinct from both \textit{P. denitrificans} and \textit{P. pantotrophus}, but that its nearest phylogenetic neighbour is \textit{P. pantotrophus}.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-49-2-645}, issue = {2}, pmid = {10319488} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{KampferEtAl2016c, year = {2016}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {66}, pages = {5101-5105}, author = {Kampfer, P. and Aurass, P. and Karste, S. and Flieger, A. and Glaeser, S.P.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus contaminans} sp. nov., isolated from a contaminated water microcosm.}, abstract = {A beige-pigmented, oxidase-positive bacterial strain (WPAn02T), isolated as a presumably airborne contaminant of an axenic bacterial microcosm, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of the isolate were coccoid and stained Gram-negative. A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WPAn02T with sequences of type strains of the most closely related species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus} showed highest sequence similarities to \textit{Paracoccus chinensis} (97.7 %), \textit{Paracoccus marinus} (97.1 %), \textit{Paracoccus niistensis} (97.4 %) and '\textit{Paracoccus zhejiangensis}' (97.0 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other species of the genus Paracoccuswere below 97 %. The fatty acid profile of the strain consisted of the major fatty acids C18 : 1omega7c/omega9t/omega12t and C18 : 0. DNA-DNA hybridizations between WPAn02T and type strains of \textit{P. chinensis}, \textit{P. marinus}, \textit{P. niistensis}, and '\textit{P. zhejiangensis}' resulted in similarity values of 49 % (reciprocal 22 %), 16 % (reciprocal 10 %), 30 % (reciprocal 32 %), and 18 % (reciprocal 7 %), respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization results together with the differentiating biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties indicated that WPAn02T represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, for which the name \textit{Paracoccus contaminans} sp. nov. (type strain WPAn02T=RKI 16-01929T=LMG 29738T=CCM 8701T=CIP 111112T), is proposed.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001478}, issue = {12}, pmid = {27599853} } @article{KimEtAl2014d, year = {2014}, journal = {Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek}, volume = {105}, pages = {551-558}, author = {Kim, Y.O. and Park, S. and Nam, B.H. and Jung, Y.T. and Kim, D.G. and Yoon, J.H.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria meonggei} sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from ascidian Halocynthia roretzi.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from an ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, South Korea. Strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} was found to grow optimally at 30 degrees C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} fell within the clade comprising \textit{Ruegeria} species, clustering consistently with the type strain of \textit{Ruegeria halocynthiae}, with which it exhibited 98.2 % sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized \textit{Ruegeria} species were 94.7-97.7 %. Strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1 omega7c as the predominant fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} was determined to be 58.0 mol%. Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} and the type strains of four phylogenetically closely related \textit{Ruegeria} species were in the range of 13-23 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} is separated from other \textit{Ruegeria} species. On the basis of the data presented, strain MA-E2-3\textsuperscript{T} (=KCTC 32450\textsuperscript{T} = CECT 8411\textsuperscript{T}) represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria meonggei} sp. nov. is proposed.}, doi = {10.1007/s10482-013-0107-y}, issue = {3}, pmid = {24380959} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008a, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2726-2733}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Nercessian, O. and Segaert, E. and Achouak, W. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm.}, abstract = {Seventy isolates were obtained from a marine electroactive biofilm that was generated on a cathodically polarized stainless steel electrode (Genoa, Italy). The genetic diversity was investigated by means of BOX-PCR fingerprinting and two clusters of isolates with similar BOX-PCR profiles were delineated. Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the \textit{Roseobacter} lineage of the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and a biochemical analysis demonstrated that four isolates belonged to the species \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}. However, 66 isolates from the second BOX-PCR cluster constituted a novel species within the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov. is proposed. The DNA G+C content was 61.0+/-0.4 %. The type strain is LMG 24367\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55858\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65843-0}, issue = {12}, pmid = {19060048} } @article{WirthWhitman2018a, year = {2018}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {68}, pages = {2393-2411}, author = {Wirth, J.S. and Whitman, W.B.}, title = {Phylogenomic analyses of a clade within the roseobacter group suggest taxonomic reassignments of species of the genera \textit{Aestuariivita}, \textit{Citreicella}, \textit{Loktanella}, \textit{Nautella}, \textit{Pelagibaca}, \textit{Ruegeria}, \textit{Thalassobius}, \textit{Thiobacimonas} and \textit{Tropicibacter}, and the proposal of six novel genera.}, abstract = {Roseobacters are a diverse and globally abundant group of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} within the \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} family. Recent studies and the cophenetic correlations suggest that the 16S rRNA genes are poor phylogenetic markers within this group. In contrast, the cophenetic correlation coefficients of the core-gene average amino acid identity (cAAI) and RpoC protein sequences are high and likely more predictive of relationships. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree calculated from 53 core genes demonstrated that some of the current genera were either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. The boundaries of bacterial genera were redefined based upon the cAAI, the percentage of conserved proteins, and phenotypic characteristics and resulted in the following taxonomic proposals. \textit{Loktanella vestfoldensis}, \textit{Loktanella litorea}, \textit{Loktanella maricola}, \textit{Loktanella maritima}, \textit{Loktanella rosea}, \textit{Loktanella sediminilitoris}, \textit{Loktanella tamlensis}, and \textit{Roseobacter} sp. CCS2 should be reclassified into the novel genus \textit{Yoonia}. \textit{Loktanella hongkongensis}, \textit{Loktanella aestuariicola}, \textit{Loktanella cinnabarina}, \textit{Loktanella pyoseonensis}, Loktanellasoe soekkakensis and \textit{Loktanella variabilis} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Limimaricola}. \textit{Loktanella koreensis} and \textit{Loktanella sediminum} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Cognatiyoonia}. \textit{Loktanella marina} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Flavimaricola}. \textit{Aestuariivita atlantica} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Pseudaestuariivita}. \textit{Thalassobius} maritima should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Cognatishimia}. Similarly, \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}, \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae}, \textit{Ruegeria} sp. TM1040 and \textit{Tropicibacter multivorans} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Epibacterium}. \textit{Tropicibacter litoreus} and \textit{Tropicibacter mediterraneus} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Ruegeria}. \textit{Thalassobius abyssi} and \textit{Thalassobius aestuarii} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Shimia}. \textit{Citreicella aestuarii}, \textit{Citreicella manganoxidans}, \textit{Citreicella marina}, \textit{Citreicella thiooxidans}, \textit{Pelagibaca bermudensis} and \textit{Thiobacimonas profunda} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Salipiger}. \textit{Nautella italica} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}. Because these proposals to reclassify the type and all others species of \textit{Citreicella}, \textit{Nautella}, \textit{Pelagibaca} and \textit{Thiobacimonas}, these genera are not used in this taxonomy.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.002833}, issue = {7}, pmid = {29809121} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{LafayEtAl1995a, year = {1995}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {45}, pages = {290-296}, author = {Lafay, B. and Ruimy, R. and de Traubenberg, C.R. and Breittmayer, V. and Gauthier, M.J. and Christen, R.}, title = {\textit{Roseobacter algicola} sp. nov., a new marine bacterium isolated from the phycosphere of the toxin-producing dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima.}, abstract = {We describe a new species on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and the results of an analysis of small-subunit rRNA sequences. Three strains of this organism were isolated from a culture of the toxin-producing dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. These bacteria are gram-negative, strictly aerobic, ovoid organisms that are motile by means of one or two subpolar flagella. They grow at temperatures ranging from 10 to 37 degrees C and in the presence of NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 M and have an absolute requirement for sodium ions. They are strictly aerobic with a nonfermentative type of metabolism and are not able to grow anaerobically in presence or absence of nitrate. They do not denitrify. They exhibit oxidase, catalase, gelatinase, esculinase, beta-galactosidase, and (to a lesser extent) amylase activities. The three strains which we examined require thiamine and biotin for growth. They grow only when glucose, trehalose, saccharose, fructose, maltose, pyruvate, malate, citrate, esculin, 2-ketoglutarate, 5-ketogluconate, glutamate, or shikimate is present as a sole carbon source. The three strains have identical small-subunit rRNA sequences. A phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed that these bacteria belong to the alpha subdivision of the \textit{Proteobacteria} and that they form a distinct and robust monophyletic group with \textit{Roseobacter denitrificans} and \textit{Roseobacter litoralis}. This result and the general phenotypic characteristics of the organisms place them in the genus \textit{Roseobacter}, although they do not produce bacteriochlorophyll a, in contrast to previously described \textit{Roseobacter} species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-45-2-290}, issue = {2}, pmid = {7537061} } @article{MartensEtAl2006a, year = {2006}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {56}, pages = {1293-1304}, author = {Martens, T. and Heidorn, T. and Pukall, R. and Simon, M. and Tindall, B.J. and Brinkhoff, T.}, title = {Reclassification of \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} Ruiz-Ponte et al. 1998 as \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} gen. nov., comb. nov., description of \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} sp. nov., reclassification of \textit{Ruegeria algicola} (Lafay et al. 1995) Uchino et al. 1999 as \textit{Marinovum algicola} gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genera \textit{Roseobacter}, \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Leisingera}.}, abstract = {A heterotrophic, antibiotic-producing bacterium, strain T5\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from the German Wadden Sea, located in the southern region of the North Sea. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of this strain demonstrated close affiliation with \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} (99 % similarity), but the results of genotypic (DNA-DNA hybridization and DNA G + C content) and phenotypic characterization revealed that strain T5\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species. The novel organism is strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and forms brown-pigmented colonies. Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} produces the antibiotic tropodithietic acid throughout the exponential phase which inhibits the growth of bacteria from different taxa, as well as marine algae. Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} requires sodium ions and utilizes a wide range of substrates, including oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. The DNA G + C content is 55.7 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strains T5\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} group with \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} as their closest described relative within the \textit{Roseobacter} clade (97.9 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively) and with \textit{Ruegeria algicola} (96.6 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively) of the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. Comparison of strains T5\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} with \textit{Roseobacter denitrificans} and \textit{Roseobacter litoralis} showed striking differences in 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, chemical composition, pigmentation, presence of bacteriochlorophyll a and antibiotic production. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} is reclassified as the type species of a new genus, \textit{Phaeobacter}, as \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} comb. nov. (type strain BS107\textsuperscript{T} = CIP 105210\textsuperscript{T} = ATCC 700781\textsuperscript{T} = NBRC 16654\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 17395\textsuperscript{T}). Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} (=LMG 22475\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 16374\textsuperscript{T}) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of this genus, \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} sp. nov. At the same time, emended descriptions are provided of the genera \textit{Roseobacter}, \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Leisingera}, as well as reclassifying \textit{Ruegeria algicola} as the type species of a new genus, \textit{Marinovum}, with the name \textit{Marinovum algicola} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63724-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {16738106} } @article{UchinoEtAl1998c, year = {1998}, journal = {J Gen Appl Microbiol}, volume = {44}, pages = {201-210}, author = {Uchino, Y. and Hirata, A. and Yokota, A. and Sugiyama, J.}, title = {Reclassification of marine \textit{Agrobacterium} species: Proposals of \textit{Stappia stellulata} gen. nov., comb. nov., \textit{Stappia aggregata} sp. nov., nom. rev., \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} gen. nov., comb. nov., \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovora} comb. nov., \textit{Ruegeria algicola} comb. nov., and \textit{Ahrensia kieliense} gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev.}, abstract = {The bootstrapped 16S rDNA sequence-based neighbor-joining phylogeny has suggested that the marine species of the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} have no relation to the terrestrial \textit{Agrobacterium} species. \textit{Agrobacterium atlanticum} IAM 14463\textsuperscript{T} (a superscript \textsuperscript{T}=type strain), \textit{Agrobacterium ferrugineum} IAM 12616\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{Agrobacterium gelatinovorum} IAM 12617\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{Agrobacterium meteori} IAM 14464\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{Agrobacterium stellulatum} IAM 12621\textsuperscript{T} and IAM 12614, and the invalidly published marine species "\textit{Agrobacterium kieliense}" IAM 12618 occupy an independent position in the a-subclass of the \textit{Proteobacteria}. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and on chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological studies, we propose the transfer of \textit{A. atlanticum}, \textit{A. gelatinovorum}, and \textit{Roseobacter algicola} to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} gen. nov. as \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} comb. nov., \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovora} comb. nov., and \textit{Ruegeria algicola} comb. nov., respectively; of strains of \textit{A. stellulatum} to the genus \textit{Stappia} gen. nov. as \textit{Stappia stellulata} comb. nov. and \textit{Stappia aggregata} sp. nov., nom. rev., respectively; and of "\textit{A. kieliense}" to the genus \textit{Ahrensia} gen. nov. as \textit{Ahrensia kieliense} sp. nov., nom. rev. \textit{Agrobacterium meteori} is assigned to be a synonym of \textit{A. atlanticum}.}, doi = {10.2323/jgam.44.201}, issue = {3}, pmid = {12501429} } @article{UrakamiEtAl1990b, year = {1990}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {40}, pages = {287-291}, author = {Urakami, T. and Araki, H. and Oyanagi, H. and Suzuki, K. and Komagata, K.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus aminophilus} sp. nov. and \textit{Paracoccus aminovorans} sp. nov., which utilize N,N-dimethylformamide.}, abstract = {Two methylamine- and N,N-dimethylformamide-utilizing \textit{Paracoccus} spp. are described. These bacteria are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, coccoid or short rod-shaped organisms. Their DNA base composition is 62 to 68 mol% G + C. Their cellular fatty acids include large amounts of C18:1 acid. Their major hydroxy acids are 3-OH C10:0 and 3-OH C14:0 acids. The major ubiquinone is Q-10. These bacteria are distinguished from \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans} and \textit{Paracoccus alcaliphilus} by physiological characteristics and by DNA-DNA-homology. \textit{Paracoccus aminophilus} sp. nov. and \textit{Paracoccus aminovorans} sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of \textit{P. aminophilus} is DM-15 (= JCM 7686), and the type strain of \textit{P. aminovorans} is DM-82 (= JCM 7685). \textit{Paracoccus halodenitrificans} is distinguished from other \textit{Paracoccus} species on the basis of cellular fatty acid composition, hydroxy fatty acid composition, and DNA-DNA homology. It may not be a valid member of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-40-3-287}, issue = {3}, pmid = {2397196} } @article{ChenEtAl2013c, year = {2013}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {63}, pages = {470-478}, author = {Chen, W.M. and Cho, N.T. and Huang, W.C. and Young, C.C. and Sheu, S.Y.}, title = {Description of \textit{Gemmobacter fontiphilus} sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater spring, reclassification of \textit{Catellibacterium nectariphilum} as \textit{Gemmobacter nectariphilus} comb. nov., \textit{Catellibacterium changlense} as \textit{Gemmobacter changlensis} comb. nov., \textit{Catellibacterium aquatile} as \textit{Gemmobacter aquaticus} nom. nov., \textit{Catellibacterium caeni} as \textit{Gemmobacter caeni} comb. nov., \textit{Catellibacterium nanjingense} as \textit{Gemmobacter nanjingensis} comb. nov., and emended description of the genus \textit{Gemmobacter} and of \textit{Gemmobacter aquatilis}.}, abstract = {A light-yellow-pigmented bacterial strain designated JS43\textsuperscript{T} was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain JS43\textsuperscript{T} were Gram-negative-staining, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at 10-30 degrees C (optimum, 25 degrees C), at pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JS43\textsuperscript{T} was a member of the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} of the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. Sequence similarities to type strains of the genera \textit{Gemmobacter} and \textit{Catellibacterium} were between 94.6 and 98.1 %. The highest sequence similarity was found with \textit{Gemmobacter aquatilis} DSM 3857\textsuperscript{T}. Strain JS43\textsuperscript{T} contained C(18 : 1)omega7c as the predominant fatty acid (74.4 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two uncharacterized aminolipids and three uncharacterized phospholipids. The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain JS43\textsuperscript{T} with respect to the phylogenetically related \textit{Gemmobacter aquatilis} DSM 3857\textsuperscript{T}, \textit{Catellibacterium aquatile} A1-9\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Catellibacterium caeni} DCA-1\textsuperscript{T} were less than 70 %. The taxonomic relationship between members of the genera \textit{Gemmobacter} and \textit{Catellibacterium} was clarified by means of a direct experimental comparison. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, we propose that all species currently classified in the genus \textit{Catellibacterium} should be transferred to the genusGemmobacter. The following new combinations are proposed: \textit{Catellibacterium nectariphilum} is reclassified as \textit{Gemmobacter nectariphilus} comb. nov. (type strain, AST4\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 15620\textsuperscript{T} = JCM 11959\textsuperscript{T} = NBRC 100046\textsuperscript{T}), \textit{Catellibacterium changlense} as \textit{Gemmobacter changlensis} comb. nov. (type strain, JA139\textsuperscript{T} = CCUG 53722\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 18774\textsuperscript{T} = JCM 14338\textsuperscript{T}), \textit{Catellibacterium aquatile} as \textit{Gemmobacter aquaticus} nom. nov. (type strain, A1-9\textsuperscript{T} = CGMCC 1.7029\textsuperscript{T} = NBRC 104254\textsuperscript{T}), \textit{Catellibacterium caeni} as \textit{Gemmobacter caeni} comb. nov. (type strain, DCA-1\textsuperscript{T} = CGMCC 1.7745\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 21823\textsuperscript{T}) and \textit{Catellibacterium nanjingense} as \textit{Gemmobacter nanjingensis} comb. nov. (type strain, Y12\textsuperscript{T} = CCTCC AB 2010218\textsuperscript{T} = KCTC 23298\textsuperscript{T}). Emended descriptions of the genus \textit{Gemmobacter} and of \textit{Gemmobacter aquatilis} are also presented. Strain JS43\textsuperscript{T} could be distinguished from recognized species of the genera \textit{Gemmobacter} and \textit{Catellibacterium}. It is suggested, on the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, that strain JS43\textsuperscript{T} ( = BCRC 80082\textsuperscript{T} = LMG 25376\textsuperscript{T}) represents a novel species for which the name \textit{Gemmobacter fontiphilus} is proposed.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.042051-0}, issue = {2}, pmid = {22493172} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{RotheEtAl1987b, year = {1987}, journal = {Arch. Microbiol.}, volume = {147}, pages = {92-99}, author = {Rothe, B. and Fisher, A. and Hirsch, P. and Sittig, M. and Stackebrandt, E.}, title = {The phylogenetic position of the budding bacteria Blustobacter aggregatus and \textit{Gemmobacter aquatilis} gen. nov., sp. nov.}, doi = {10.1007/bf00492911} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{SrinivasEtAl2008a, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {1379-1383}, author = {Srinivas, T.N. and Anil Kumar, P. and Sasikala, C.h. and Sproer, C. and Ramana, C.h.V.}, title = {\textit{Rhodobacter ovatus} sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a polluted pond.}, abstract = {A novel ovoid, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from a sample of sediment from an industrially polluted pond (Noor Mohammad Kunta) in Hyderabad, India. Strain JA234\textsuperscript{T} was found to be Gram-negative and non-motile and grew photoheterotrophically with a number of organic compounds serving as carbon source/electron donor. Photo-organoheterotrophic and chemo-organoheterotrophic growth were demonstrated. Biotin and thiamine were required for growth of strain JA234\textsuperscript{T}. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA234\textsuperscript{T} is most closely related to \textit{Rhodobacter azotoformans} (97.3 % sequence similarity) and clusters with other species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} of the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae}. However, DNA-DNA hybridization with Rba. azotoformans JCM 9340\textsuperscript{T} showed a relatedness of only 31.3 % with respect to strain JA234\textsuperscript{T}. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA234\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}, for which the name \textit{Rhodobacter ovatus} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA234\textsuperscript{T} (=JCM 14779\textsuperscript{T}=CCUG 55049\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65619-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {18523181} } @article{SureshEtAl2019a, year = {2019}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {10}, pages = {2480}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {The genus \textit{Rhodobacter} is taxonomically well studied, and some members are model organisms. However, this genus is comprised of a heterogeneous group of members. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} indicates a motley assemblage of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (genus \textit{Rhodobacter}) with interspersing members of other genera (chemotrophs) making the genus polyphyletic. Taxogenomics was performed to resolve the taxonomic conflicts of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} using twelve type strains. The phylogenomic analysis showed that \textit{Rhodobacter} spp. can be grouped into four monophyletic clusters with interspersing chemotrophs. Genomic indices (ANI and dDDH) confirmed that all the current species are well defined, except \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus}. The average amino acid identity values between the monophyletic clusters of \textit{Rhodobacter} members, as well as with the chemotrophic genera, are less than 80% whereas the percentage of conserved proteins values were below 70%, which has been observed among several genera related to \textit{Rhodobacter}. The pan-genome analysis has shown that there are only 1239 core genes shared between the 12 species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis supports the phylogenomic and genomic studies in distinguishing the four \textit{Rhodobacter} clusters. Each cluster is comprised of one to seven species according to the current \textit{Rhodobacter} taxonomy. Therefore, to address this taxonomic discrepancy we propose to reclassify the members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} into three new genera, \textit{Luteovulum} gen. nov., \textit{Phaeovulum} gen. nov. and \textit{Fuscovulum} gen. nov., and provide an emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} sensu stricto. Also, we propose reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} as a sub-species of \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480}, pmid = {31736915} } @article{SureshEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {1111}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Corrigendum: Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480.].}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01111}, pmid = {32582079} } @article{HarwatiEtAl2009a, year = {2009}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {59}, pages = {392-396}, author = {Harwati, T.U. and Kasai, Y. and Kodama, Y. and Susilaningsih, D. and Watanabe, K.}, title = {\textit{Tropicibacter naphthalenivorans} gen. nov., sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from Semarang Port in Indonesia.}, abstract = {An aerobic, Gram-negative, motile bacterium, strain C02\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from seawater obtained from Semarang Port in Indonesia. Cells of strain C02\textsuperscript{T} were peritrichously flagellated and rod-shaped. Strain C02\textsuperscript{T} was able to degrade naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes and phenanthrene. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain was affiliated with the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} in the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and was related most closely to \textit{Marinovum algicola} FF3\textsuperscript{T} (95.7 % similarity) and \textit{Thalassobius aestuarii} JC2049\textsuperscript{T} (95.2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain C02\textsuperscript{T} was 64.6 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C(18 : 1)omega7c (50.9 % of the total), C(16 : 0) (17.9 %), 11 methyl C(18 : 1)omega7c (14.7 %), C(18 : 1)omega9c (2.9 %) and C(19 : 0) cyclo omega8c (2.4 %), and the predominant respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-10. Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain C02\textsuperscript{T} is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name \textit{Tropicibacter naphthalenivorans} gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of \textit{Tropicibacter naphthalenivorans} is C02\textsuperscript{T} (=JCM 14838\textsuperscript{T}=DSM 19561\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65821-0}, issue = {2}, pmid = {19196784} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{UrakamiEtAl1989a, year = {1989}, journal = {Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.}, volume = {39}, pages = {116-121}, author = {Urakami, T. and Tamaoka, J. and Suzuki, K.I. and Komagata, K.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus alcaliphilus} sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and facultatively methylotrophic bacterium.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-39-2-116}, issue = {2} } @article{BreiderEtAl2014a, year = {2014}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {5}, pages = {416}, author = {Breider, S. and Scheuner, C. and Schumann, P. and Fiebig, A. and Petersen, J. and Pradella, S. and Klenk, H.P. and Brinkhoff, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Genome-scale data suggest reclassifications in the \textit{Leisingera}-\textit{Phaeobacter} cluster including proposals for \textit{Sedimentitalea} gen. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter} gen. nov.}, abstract = {Earlier phylogenetic analyses of the marine \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} (class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}) genera \textit{Leisingera} and \textit{Phaeobacter} indicated that neither genus might be monophyletic. We here used phylogenetic reconstruction from genome-scale data, MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry analysis and a re-assessment of the phenotypic data from the literature to settle this matter, aiming at a reclassification of the two genera. Neither \textit{Phaeobacter} nor \textit{Leisingera} formed a clade in any of the phylogenetic analyses conducted. Rather, smaller monophyletic assemblages emerged, which were phenotypically more homogeneous, too. We thus propose the reclassification of \textit{Leisingera nanhaiensis} as the type species of a new genus as \textit{Sedimentitalea nanhaiensis} gen. nov., comb. nov., the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter arcticus} and \textit{Phaeobacter leonis} as \textit{Pseudophaeobacter arcticus} gen. nov., comb. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter leonis} comb. nov., and the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter aquaemixtae}, \textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus}, and \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} as \textit{Leisingera aquaemixtae} comb. nov., \textit{Leisingera caerulea} comb. nov., and \textit{Leisingera daeponensis} comb. nov. The genera \textit{Phaeobacter} and \textit{Leisingera} are accordingly emended.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00416}, pmid = {25157246} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2009b, year = {2009}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {59}, pages = {1209-1214}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Segaert, E. and Mollica, A. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus} sp. nov., a blue-coloured, colony-forming bacterium isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm.}, abstract = {Three isolates (LMG 24369\textsuperscript{T}, LMG 24370 and R-26156) obtained from a marine electroactive biofilm that was grown on a cathodically polarized electrode were investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that the isolates were members of the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}, class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses demonstrated that the three isolates represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}, for which the name \textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24369\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55859\textsuperscript{T}). The DNA G+C content of strain LMG 24369\textsuperscript{T} is 63.6 mol%.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.002642-0}, issue = {5}, pmid = {19406821} } @article{BreiderEtAl2014a, year = {2014}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {5}, pages = {416}, author = {Breider, S. and Scheuner, C. and Schumann, P. and Fiebig, A. and Petersen, J. and Pradella, S. and Klenk, H.P. and Brinkhoff, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Genome-scale data suggest reclassifications in the \textit{Leisingera}-\textit{Phaeobacter} cluster including proposals for \textit{Sedimentitalea} gen. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter} gen. nov.}, abstract = {Earlier phylogenetic analyses of the marine \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} (class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}) genera \textit{Leisingera} and \textit{Phaeobacter} indicated that neither genus might be monophyletic. We here used phylogenetic reconstruction from genome-scale data, MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry analysis and a re-assessment of the phenotypic data from the literature to settle this matter, aiming at a reclassification of the two genera. Neither \textit{Phaeobacter} nor \textit{Leisingera} formed a clade in any of the phylogenetic analyses conducted. Rather, smaller monophyletic assemblages emerged, which were phenotypically more homogeneous, too. We thus propose the reclassification of \textit{Leisingera nanhaiensis} as the type species of a new genus as \textit{Sedimentitalea nanhaiensis} gen. nov., comb. nov., the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter arcticus} and \textit{Phaeobacter leonis} as \textit{Pseudophaeobacter arcticus} gen. nov., comb. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter leonis} comb. nov., and the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter aquaemixtae}, \textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus}, and \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} as \textit{Leisingera aquaemixtae} comb. nov., \textit{Leisingera caerulea} comb. nov., and \textit{Leisingera daeponensis} comb. nov. The genera \textit{Phaeobacter} and \textit{Leisingera} are accordingly emended.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00416}, pmid = {25157246} } @article{DogsEtAl2013b, year = {2013}, journal = {Stand Genomic Sci}, volume = {9}, pages = {142-159}, author = {Dogs, M. and Teshima, H. and Petersen, J. and Fiebig, A. and Chertkov, O. and Dalingault, H. and Chen, A. and Pati, A. and Goodwin, L.A. and Chain, P. and Detter, J.C. and Ivanova, N. and Lapidus, A. and Rohde, M. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Simon, M. and Goker, M. and Klenk, H.P. and Brinkhoff, T.}, title = {Genome sequence of \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} type strain (DSM 23529\textsuperscript{T}), a facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from marine sediment, and emendation of \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis}.}, abstract = {TF-218\textsuperscript{T} is the type strain of the species \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} Yoon et al. 2007, a facultatively anaerobic \textit{Phaeobacter} species isolated from tidal flats. Here we describe the draft genome sequence and annotation of this bacterium together with previously unreported aspects of its phenotype. We analyzed the genome for genes involved in secondary metabolite production and its anaerobic lifestyle, which have also been described for its closest relative \textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus}. The 4,642,596 bp long genome of strain TF-218\textsuperscript{T} contains 4,310 protein-coding genes and 78 RNA genes including four rRNA operons and consists of five replicons: one chromosome and four extrachromosomal elements with sizes of 276 kb, 174 kb, 117 kb and 90 kb. Genome analysis showed that TF-218\textsuperscript{T} possesses all of the genes for indigoidine biosynthesis, and on specific media the strain showed a blue pigmentation. We also found genes for dissimilatory nitrate reduction, gene-transfer agents, NRPS/ PKS genes and signaling systems homologous to the LuxR/I system.}, doi = {10.4056/sigs.4287962}, issue = {1}, pmid = {24501652} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008b, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2788-2793}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Segaert, E. and Mollica, A. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm, and emended descriptions of \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} Schaefer et al. 2002, \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} Yoon et al. 2007 and \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} Martens et al. 2006.}, abstract = {Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} was isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm grown on a stainless steel cathode (Genova, Italy) and was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This study demonstrated that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species within the genus \textit{Leisingera}, which shared 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with its nearest phylogenetic neighbour, \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans}. Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} grew on betaine (1 mM) as a sole carbon source, whereas no growth was observed on L-methionine (10 mM). The phenotypic and genotypic analyses showed that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} could be differentiated from established \textit{Leisingera} species and that it represented a novel species, for which the name \textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55860\textsuperscript{T}) and has a DNA G+C content of 61.4 mol%.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65844-0}, issue = {Pt 12}, pmid = {19060059} } @article{YoonEtAl2007v, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {856-861}, author = {Yoon, J.H. and Kang, S.J. and Lee, S.Y. and Oh, T.K.}, title = {\textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea in Korea.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, motile and egg-shaped bacterium, strain TF-218\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from a tidal flat at Daepo Beach (Yellow Sea), Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Strain TF-218\textsuperscript{T} grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0 and 37 degrees C in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18 : 1)omega7c and 11-methyl C(18 : 1)omega7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids and an aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 64.9 mol%. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TF-218\textsuperscript{T} is phylogenetically closely related to the genera \textit{Phaeobacter}, \textit{Leisingera} and \textit{Marinovum} of the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. The phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic similarities suggest that strain TF-218\textsuperscript{T} represents a member of the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}. DNA-DNA relatedness data and differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain TF-218\textsuperscript{T} differs from the recognized \textit{Phaeobacter} species. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain TF-218\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}, for which the name \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TF-218\textsuperscript{T} (=KCTC 12794\textsuperscript{T}=JCM 13606\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64779-0}, issue = {Pt 4}, pmid = {17392219} } @article{DogsEtAl2013a, year = {2013}, journal = {Stand Genomic Sci}, volume = {9}, pages = {334-350}, author = {Dogs, M. and Voget, S. and Teshima, H. and Petersen, J. and Davenport, K. and Dalingault, H. and Chen, A. and Pati, A. and Ivanova, N. and Goodwin, L.A. and Chain, P. and Detter, J.C. and Standfest, S. and Rohde, M. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Simon, M. and Klenk, H.P. and Goker, M. and Brinkhoff, T.}, title = {Genome sequence of \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} type strain (T5\textsuperscript{T}), a secondary metabolite producing representative of the marine \textit{Roseobacter} clade, and emendation of the species description of \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens}.}, abstract = {Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} is the type strain of the species \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} Martens et al. 2006, a secondary metabolite producing bacterium affiliated to the \textit{Roseobacter} clade. Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} was isolated from a water sample taken at the German Wadden Sea, southern North Sea. Here we describe the complete genome sequence and annotation of this bacterium with a special focus on the secondary metabolism and compare it with the genomes of the \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} strains DSM 17395 and DSM 24588 (2.10), selected because of the close phylogenetic relationship based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these three strains. The genome of strain T5\textsuperscript{T} comprises 4,130,897 bp with 3.923 protein-coding genes and shows high similarities in genetic and genomic characteristics compared to \textit{P. inhibens} DSM 17395 and DSM 24588 (2.10). Besides the chromosome, strain T5\textsuperscript{T} possesses four plasmids, three of which show a high similarity to the plasmids of the strains DSM 17395 and DSM 24588 (2.10). Analysis of the fourth plasmid suggested horizontal gene transfer. Most of the genes on this plasmid are not present in the strains DSM 17395 and DSM 24588 (2.10) including a nitrous oxide reductase, which allows strain T5\textsuperscript{T} a facultative anaerobic lifestyle. The G+C content was calculated from the genome sequence and differs significantly from the previously published value, thus warranting an emendation of the species description.}, doi = {10.4056/sigs.4448212}, issue = {2}, pmid = {24976890} } @article{MartensEtAl2006a, year = {2006}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {56}, pages = {1293-1304}, author = {Martens, T. and Heidorn, T. and Pukall, R. and Simon, M. and Tindall, B.J. and Brinkhoff, T.}, title = {Reclassification of \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} Ruiz-Ponte et al. 1998 as \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} gen. nov., comb. nov., description of \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} sp. nov., reclassification of \textit{Ruegeria algicola} (Lafay et al. 1995) Uchino et al. 1999 as \textit{Marinovum algicola} gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genera \textit{Roseobacter}, \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Leisingera}.}, abstract = {A heterotrophic, antibiotic-producing bacterium, strain T5\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from the German Wadden Sea, located in the southern region of the North Sea. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of this strain demonstrated close affiliation with \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} (99 % similarity), but the results of genotypic (DNA-DNA hybridization and DNA G + C content) and phenotypic characterization revealed that strain T5\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species. The novel organism is strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and forms brown-pigmented colonies. Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} produces the antibiotic tropodithietic acid throughout the exponential phase which inhibits the growth of bacteria from different taxa, as well as marine algae. Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} requires sodium ions and utilizes a wide range of substrates, including oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. The DNA G + C content is 55.7 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strains T5\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} group with \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} as their closest described relative within the \textit{Roseobacter} clade (97.9 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively) and with \textit{Ruegeria algicola} (96.6 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively) of the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. Comparison of strains T5\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} with \textit{Roseobacter denitrificans} and \textit{Roseobacter litoralis} showed striking differences in 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, chemical composition, pigmentation, presence of bacteriochlorophyll a and antibiotic production. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} is reclassified as the type species of a new genus, \textit{Phaeobacter}, as \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} comb. nov. (type strain BS107\textsuperscript{T} = CIP 105210\textsuperscript{T} = ATCC 700781\textsuperscript{T} = NBRC 16654\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 17395\textsuperscript{T}). Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} (=LMG 22475\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 16374\textsuperscript{T}) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of this genus, \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} sp. nov. At the same time, emended descriptions are provided of the genera \textit{Roseobacter}, \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Leisingera}, as well as reclassifying \textit{Ruegeria algicola} as the type species of a new genus, \textit{Marinovum}, with the name \textit{Marinovum algicola} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63724-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {16738106} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008b, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2788-2793}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Segaert, E. and Mollica, A. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm, and emended descriptions of \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} Schaefer et al. 2002, \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} Yoon et al. 2007 and \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} Martens et al. 2006.}, abstract = {Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} was isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm grown on a stainless steel cathode (Genova, Italy) and was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This study demonstrated that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species within the genus \textit{Leisingera}, which shared 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with its nearest phylogenetic neighbour, \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans}. Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} grew on betaine (1 mM) as a sole carbon source, whereas no growth was observed on L-methionine (10 mM). The phenotypic and genotypic analyses showed that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} could be differentiated from established \textit{Leisingera} species and that it represented a novel species, for which the name \textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55860\textsuperscript{T}) and has a DNA G+C content of 61.4 mol%.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65844-0}, issue = {Pt 12}, pmid = {19060059} } @article{BreiderEtAl2014a, year = {2014}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {5}, pages = {416}, author = {Breider, S. and Scheuner, C. and Schumann, P. and Fiebig, A. and Petersen, J. and Pradella, S. and Klenk, H.P. and Brinkhoff, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Genome-scale data suggest reclassifications in the \textit{Leisingera}-\textit{Phaeobacter} cluster including proposals for \textit{Sedimentitalea} gen. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter} gen. nov.}, abstract = {Earlier phylogenetic analyses of the marine \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} (class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}) genera \textit{Leisingera} and \textit{Phaeobacter} indicated that neither genus might be monophyletic. We here used phylogenetic reconstruction from genome-scale data, MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry analysis and a re-assessment of the phenotypic data from the literature to settle this matter, aiming at a reclassification of the two genera. Neither \textit{Phaeobacter} nor \textit{Leisingera} formed a clade in any of the phylogenetic analyses conducted. Rather, smaller monophyletic assemblages emerged, which were phenotypically more homogeneous, too. We thus propose the reclassification of \textit{Leisingera nanhaiensis} as the type species of a new genus as \textit{Sedimentitalea nanhaiensis} gen. nov., comb. nov., the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter arcticus} and \textit{Phaeobacter leonis} as \textit{Pseudophaeobacter arcticus} gen. nov., comb. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter leonis} comb. nov., and the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter aquaemixtae}, \textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus}, and \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} as \textit{Leisingera aquaemixtae} comb. nov., \textit{Leisingera caerulea} comb. nov., and \textit{Leisingera daeponensis} comb. nov. The genera \textit{Phaeobacter} and \textit{Leisingera} are accordingly emended.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00416}, pmid = {25157246} } @article{ZhangEtAl2008g, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {1384-1387}, author = {Zhang, D.C. and Li, H.R. and Xin, Y.H. and Liu, H.C. and Chi, Z.M. and Zhou, P.J. and Yu, Y.}, title = {\textit{Phaeobacter arcticus} sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from the Arctic.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, psychrophilic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain 20188\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from marine samples collected from the Arctic (7 degrees 00' 24'' N 16 degrees 59' 37'' W), and was identified taxonomically by means of a polyphasic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 20188\textsuperscript{T} was closely related to members of the genera \textit{Phaeobacter}. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain 20188\textsuperscript{T} and the type strains of \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens}, \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} and \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} were 97.0, 96.8 and 96.2 %, respectively. The temperature range for growth was 0-25 degrees C, with optimum growth occurring at 19-20 degrees C and at approximately pH 6.0-9.0. Strain 20188\textsuperscript{T} had ubiquinone-10 as the major respiratory quinone and C(18 : 1)omega7c and 11-methyl C(18 : 1)omega7c as major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data, strain 20188\textsuperscript{T} is considered to represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}, for which the name \textit{Phaeobacter arcticus} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 20188\textsuperscript{T} (=CGMCC 1.6500\textsuperscript{T}=JCM 14644\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65708-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {18523182} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008b, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2788-2793}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Segaert, E. and Mollica, A. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm, and emended descriptions of \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} Schaefer et al. 2002, \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} Yoon et al. 2007 and \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} Martens et al. 2006.}, abstract = {Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} was isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm grown on a stainless steel cathode (Genova, Italy) and was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This study demonstrated that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species within the genus \textit{Leisingera}, which shared 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with its nearest phylogenetic neighbour, \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans}. Strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} grew on betaine (1 mM) as a sole carbon source, whereas no growth was observed on L-methionine (10 mM). The phenotypic and genotypic analyses showed that strain LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} could be differentiated from established \textit{Leisingera} species and that it represented a novel species, for which the name \textit{Leisingera aquimarina} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24366\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55860\textsuperscript{T}) and has a DNA G+C content of 61.4 mol%.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65844-0}, issue = {Pt 12}, pmid = {19060059} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{MartensEtAl2006a, year = {2006}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {56}, pages = {1293-1304}, author = {Martens, T. and Heidorn, T. and Pukall, R. and Simon, M. and Tindall, B.J. and Brinkhoff, T.}, title = {Reclassification of \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} Ruiz-Ponte et al. 1998 as \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} gen. nov., comb. nov., description of \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} sp. nov., reclassification of \textit{Ruegeria algicola} (Lafay et al. 1995) Uchino et al. 1999 as \textit{Marinovum algicola} gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genera \textit{Roseobacter}, \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Leisingera}.}, abstract = {A heterotrophic, antibiotic-producing bacterium, strain T5\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from the German Wadden Sea, located in the southern region of the North Sea. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of this strain demonstrated close affiliation with \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} (99 % similarity), but the results of genotypic (DNA-DNA hybridization and DNA G + C content) and phenotypic characterization revealed that strain T5\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species. The novel organism is strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and forms brown-pigmented colonies. Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} produces the antibiotic tropodithietic acid throughout the exponential phase which inhibits the growth of bacteria from different taxa, as well as marine algae. Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} requires sodium ions and utilizes a wide range of substrates, including oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. The DNA G + C content is 55.7 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strains T5\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} group with \textit{Leisingera methylohalidivorans} as their closest described relative within the \textit{Roseobacter} clade (97.9 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively) and with \textit{Ruegeria algicola} (96.6 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively) of the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. Comparison of strains T5\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107\textsuperscript{T} with \textit{Roseobacter denitrificans} and \textit{Roseobacter litoralis} showed striking differences in 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, chemical composition, pigmentation, presence of bacteriochlorophyll a and antibiotic production. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} is reclassified as the type species of a new genus, \textit{Phaeobacter}, as \textit{Phaeobacter gallaeciensis} comb. nov. (type strain BS107\textsuperscript{T} = CIP 105210\textsuperscript{T} = ATCC 700781\textsuperscript{T} = NBRC 16654\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 17395\textsuperscript{T}). Strain T5\textsuperscript{T} (=LMG 22475\textsuperscript{T} = DSM 16374\textsuperscript{T}) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of this genus, \textit{Phaeobacter inhibens} sp. nov. At the same time, emended descriptions are provided of the genera \textit{Roseobacter}, \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Leisingera}, as well as reclassifying \textit{Ruegeria algicola} as the type species of a new genus, \textit{Marinovum}, with the name \textit{Marinovum algicola} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63724-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {16738106} } @article{RuizponteEtAl1998b, year = {1998}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {48}, pages = {537-542}, author = {Ruiz-Ponte, C. and Cilia, V. and Lambert, C. and Nicolas, J.L.}, title = {\textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} sp. nov., a new marine bacterium isolated from rearings and collectors of the scallop Pecten maximus.}, abstract = {Four bacterial strains were isolated from larval cultures and collectors of the scallop Pecten maximus. They showed a high level of intragroup genomic relatedness (84-95%) as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization. The cells were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, ovoid rods. They grew at temperatures from 15 to 37 degrees C and from pH 7.0 to 10, but did not grow in the absence of NaCl and required growth factors. They had the ability to use a wide variety of compounds as sole carbon source: D-mannose, D-galactose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-xylose, melibiose, trehalose, maltose, cellobiose, sucrose, mesoerythritol, D-mannitol, glycerol, D-sorbitol, meso-inositol, succinate, propionate, butyrate, gamma-aminobutyrate, DL-hydroxybutyrate, 2-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, fumarate, glycine, L-alpha-alanine, beta-alanine, L-glutamate, L-arginine, L-lysine, L-ornithine and L-proline. They exhibited oxidase and catalase activities but no denitrification activity. The isolates did not contain bacteriochlorophyll a. The G + C content ranged from 57.6 to 58 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA sequence revealed that these isolates belong to the genus \textit{Roseobacter}. On the basis of quantitative hybridization data, it is proposed that these isolates should be placed in a new species, \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis}. The type strain is \textit{Roseobacter gallaeciensis} BS107T (= CIP 105210T).}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-48-2-537}, issue = {2}, pmid = {9731295} } @article{UrakamiEtAl1990b, year = {1990}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {40}, pages = {287-291}, author = {Urakami, T. and Araki, H. and Oyanagi, H. and Suzuki, K. and Komagata, K.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus aminophilus} sp. nov. and \textit{Paracoccus aminovorans} sp. nov., which utilize N,N-dimethylformamide.}, abstract = {Two methylamine- and N,N-dimethylformamide-utilizing \textit{Paracoccus} spp. are described. These bacteria are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, coccoid or short rod-shaped organisms. Their DNA base composition is 62 to 68 mol% G + C. Their cellular fatty acids include large amounts of C18:1 acid. Their major hydroxy acids are 3-OH C10:0 and 3-OH C14:0 acids. The major ubiquinone is Q-10. These bacteria are distinguished from \textit{Paracoccus denitrificans} and \textit{Paracoccus alcaliphilus} by physiological characteristics and by DNA-DNA-homology. \textit{Paracoccus aminophilus} sp. nov. and \textit{Paracoccus aminovorans} sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of \textit{P. aminophilus} is DM-15 (= JCM 7686), and the type strain of \textit{P. aminovorans} is DM-82 (= JCM 7685). \textit{Paracoccus halodenitrificans} is distinguished from other \textit{Paracoccus} species on the basis of cellular fatty acid composition, hydroxy fatty acid composition, and DNA-DNA homology. It may not be a valid member of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-40-3-287}, issue = {3}, pmid = {2397196} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{PetursdottirKristjansson1997a, year = {1997}, journal = {Extremophiles}, volume = {1}, pages = {94-99}, author = {Petursdottir, S.K. and Kristjansson, J.K.}, title = {\textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic moderately halophilic bacterium characteristic of the Blue Lagoon geothermal lake in Iceland.}, abstract = {Mesophilic, moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from a silica-rich geothermal lake, the Blue Lagoon in Iceland. The isolates are strictly aerobic, but reduce nitrate to nitrite, and are oxidase- and catalase-positive. The nonsporeforming and nonmotile Gram negative rods are 0.6-0.8 microm in diameter and variable in length (9-18 microm), and contain gas vacuoles. The GC content in their DNA is 66.15%. The minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for growth are 22 degrees C, 45 degrees C, and 50 degrees C, respectively. The isolates do not grow without added salt in the medium and can grow at up to 7% NaCl (w/v). The optimal salinity for growth is 3.5%-4% NaCl. The pH range for growth is 6.5-8.5, with the optimal pH at 7.0. At optimal conditions the bacterium has a doubling time of 80 min. The main cytochrome is a membrane-bound cytochrome c with an alpha-peak at 549nm. Sequencing of 16S rRNA from the type strain ITI-1157 revealed it to be a proteobacterium of the alpha-subclass with the closest relatives being \textit{Roseobacter litoralis} and Paracoccuss kocuri. The new isolates do not contain bacteriochlorophyll a and are considered to represent a new genus and a new species, \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis}.}, doi = {10.1007/s007920050020}, issue = {2}, pmid = {9680308} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008a, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2726-2733}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Nercessian, O. and Segaert, E. and Achouak, W. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm.}, abstract = {Seventy isolates were obtained from a marine electroactive biofilm that was generated on a cathodically polarized stainless steel electrode (Genoa, Italy). The genetic diversity was investigated by means of BOX-PCR fingerprinting and two clusters of isolates with similar BOX-PCR profiles were delineated. Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the \textit{Roseobacter} lineage of the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and a biochemical analysis demonstrated that four isolates belonged to the species \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}. However, 66 isolates from the second BOX-PCR cluster constituted a novel species within the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov. is proposed. The DNA G+C content was 61.0+/-0.4 %. The type strain is LMG 24367\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55858\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65843-0}, issue = {12}, pmid = {19060048} } @article{YiEtAl2007b, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {815-819}, author = {Yi, H. and Lim, Y.W. and Chun, J.}, title = {Taxonomic evaluation of the genera \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Silicibacter}: a proposal to transfer the genus \textit{Silicibacter} Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999 to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} Uchino et al. 1999.}, abstract = {The taxonomic positions of the genera \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Silicibacter} were evaluated by a polyphasic investigation. It was evident from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis that both genera are closely related as they formed a monophyletic clade with high sequence similarities (96.9-98.2 %). Several properties commonly found in these taxa strongly suggest that they should be classified in the same genus. Further, a comparative study based on DNA-DNA hybridization, phenotypic characterization and chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the members of this clade, namely \textit{Ruegeria atlantica}, \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} and \textit{Silicibacter pomeroyi}, can be readily differentiated from each other. On the basis of the polyphasic data obtained in this study, all species of the genus \textit{Silicibacter} should be transferred to the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, since the latter has nomenclatural priority. It is therefore proposed that \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} and \textit{Silicibacter pomeroyi} are transferred to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} as \textit{Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis} comb. nov. and \textit{Ruegeria pomeroyi} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64568-0}, issue = {4}, pmid = {17392212} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{ImhoffEtAl1984j, year = {1984}, journal = {Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.}, volume = {34}, pages = {340-343}, author = {Imhoff, J.F. and Trüper, H.G. and Pfennig, N.}, title = {Rearrangement of the species and genera of the phototrophic "purple nonsulfur bacteria".}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-34-3-340}, issue = {3} } @article{SureshEtAl2019a, year = {2019}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {10}, pages = {2480}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {The genus \textit{Rhodobacter} is taxonomically well studied, and some members are model organisms. However, this genus is comprised of a heterogeneous group of members. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} indicates a motley assemblage of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (genus \textit{Rhodobacter}) with interspersing members of other genera (chemotrophs) making the genus polyphyletic. Taxogenomics was performed to resolve the taxonomic conflicts of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} using twelve type strains. The phylogenomic analysis showed that \textit{Rhodobacter} spp. can be grouped into four monophyletic clusters with interspersing chemotrophs. Genomic indices (ANI and dDDH) confirmed that all the current species are well defined, except \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus}. The average amino acid identity values between the monophyletic clusters of \textit{Rhodobacter} members, as well as with the chemotrophic genera, are less than 80% whereas the percentage of conserved proteins values were below 70%, which has been observed among several genera related to \textit{Rhodobacter}. The pan-genome analysis has shown that there are only 1239 core genes shared between the 12 species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis supports the phylogenomic and genomic studies in distinguishing the four \textit{Rhodobacter} clusters. Each cluster is comprised of one to seven species according to the current \textit{Rhodobacter} taxonomy. Therefore, to address this taxonomic discrepancy we propose to reclassify the members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} into three new genera, \textit{Luteovulum} gen. nov., \textit{Phaeovulum} gen. nov. and \textit{Fuscovulum} gen. nov., and provide an emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} sensu stricto. Also, we propose reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} as a sub-species of \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480}, pmid = {31736915} } @article{SureshEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {1111}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Corrigendum: Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480.].}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01111}, pmid = {32582079} } @article{Vanniel1944a, year = {1944}, journal = {Bacteriol Rev}, volume = {8}, pages = {1-118}, author = {van Niel, C.B.}, title = {THE CULTURE, GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE NON-SULFUR PURPLE AND BROWN BACTERIA.}, doi = {10.1128/br.8.1.1-118.1944}, issue = {1}, pmid = {16350090} } @article{BreiderEtAl2014a, year = {2014}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {5}, pages = {416}, author = {Breider, S. and Scheuner, C. and Schumann, P. and Fiebig, A. and Petersen, J. and Pradella, S. and Klenk, H.P. and Brinkhoff, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Genome-scale data suggest reclassifications in the \textit{Leisingera}-\textit{Phaeobacter} cluster including proposals for \textit{Sedimentitalea} gen. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter} gen. nov.}, abstract = {Earlier phylogenetic analyses of the marine \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} (class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}) genera \textit{Leisingera} and \textit{Phaeobacter} indicated that neither genus might be monophyletic. We here used phylogenetic reconstruction from genome-scale data, MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry analysis and a re-assessment of the phenotypic data from the literature to settle this matter, aiming at a reclassification of the two genera. Neither \textit{Phaeobacter} nor \textit{Leisingera} formed a clade in any of the phylogenetic analyses conducted. Rather, smaller monophyletic assemblages emerged, which were phenotypically more homogeneous, too. We thus propose the reclassification of \textit{Leisingera nanhaiensis} as the type species of a new genus as \textit{Sedimentitalea nanhaiensis} gen. nov., comb. nov., the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter arcticus} and \textit{Phaeobacter leonis} as \textit{Pseudophaeobacter arcticus} gen. nov., comb. nov. and \textit{Pseudophaeobacter leonis} comb. nov., and the reclassification of \textit{Phaeobacter aquaemixtae}, \textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus}, and \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} as \textit{Leisingera aquaemixtae} comb. nov., \textit{Leisingera caerulea} comb. nov., and \textit{Leisingera daeponensis} comb. nov. The genera \textit{Phaeobacter} and \textit{Leisingera} are accordingly emended.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00416}, pmid = {25157246} } @article{ParkEtAl2014ab, year = {2014}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {64}, pages = {1378-1383}, author = {Park, S. and Park, D.S. and Bae, K.S. and Yoon, J.H.}, title = {\textit{Phaeobacter aquaemixtae} sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring.}, abstract = {A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} grew optimally at 30 degrees C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} clustered with \textit{Phaeobacter daeponensis} TF-218\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{Phaeobacter caeruleus} LMG 24369\textsuperscript{T}, exhibiting sequence similarities of 98.6 and 98.3 %, respectively. The novel strain exhibited sequence similarities of 94.6-97.8 % to the type strains of other recognized species of the genera \textit{Phaeobacter} and \textit{Leisingera}. Strain SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1omega7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1omega7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} was 64.6 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with \textit{P. daeponensis} TF-218\textsuperscript{T} and \textit{P. caeruleus} were 21 and 25 %, respectively. The differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} is separate from recognized \textit{Phaeobacter} species. On the basis of the data presented, strain SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} is considered to represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}, for which the name \textit{Phaeobacter aquaemixtae} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSK6-1\textsuperscript{T} ( = KCTC 32538\textsuperscript{T} = CECT 8399\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.057646-0}, issue = {4}, pmid = {24449788} } @article{GreubRaoult2003a, year = {2003}, journal = {Res Microbiol}, volume = {154}, pages = {631-635}, author = {Greub, G. and Raoult, D.}, title = {\textit{Rhodobacter massiliensis} sp. nov., a new amoebae-resistant species isolated from the nose of a patient.}, abstract = {From the nose of a patient with aspiration pneumonia, we isolated a new bacterium by amoebal co-culture using Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Based on phenotypic, 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis, we show that this isolate represents a new species within the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} and and we have named it \textit{Rhodobacter massiliensis}. The type strain has been deposited in the Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (CIP 107725), and in the Culture Collection of the University of Goteborg, Sweden (CCUG 47968), as strain Framboise.}, doi = {10.1016/j.resmic.2003.08.002}, issue = {9}, pmid = {14596900} } @article{HelselEtAl2007a, year = {2007}, journal = {J Clin Microbiol}, volume = {45}, pages = {1238-1243}, author = {Helsel, L.O. and Hollis, D. and Steigerwalt, A.G. and Morey, R.E. and Jordan, J. and Aye, T. and Radosevic, J. and Jannat-Khah, D. and Thiry, D. and Lonsway, D.R. and Patel, J.B. and Daneshvar, M.I. and Levett, P.N.}, title = {Identification of "\textit{Haematobacter}," a new genus of aerobic Gram-negative rods isolated from clinical specimens, and reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter massiliensis} as "\textit{Haematobacter massiliensis} comb. nov.".}, abstract = {Twelve strains of gram-negative, nonfermenting rods recovered mainly from septicemic patients were studied using conventional and molecular methods. The phenotypic profiles of these strains most closely resembled \textit{Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus}. They produced catalase, oxidase, urease, and H(2)S (lead acetate paper) but did not produce indole, reduce nitrate or nitrite, or hydrolyze gelatin or esculin. No acid production was observed in a King's oxidation-fermentation base containing d-glucose, d-xylose, d-mannitol, sucrose, lactose, or maltose. All strains were nonmotile and nonpigmented. Most strains produced green discoloration on blood agar. All strains grew at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C and most grew on MacConkey agar. They shared a common cellular fatty acid (CFA) profile characterized by large amounts (56% to 90%) of 18:1omega7c and the presence of 3-OH-10:0, 16:1omega7c, 16:0, and 19:0cycomega8c that overall was most similar to that of \textit{Rhodobacter} species but was quite distinct from that of \textit{P. phenylpyruvicus}. The MICs for most beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems were low. MICs for aztreonam and piperacillin were higher, with MICs for some strains of > 64 mg/liter and > 128 mg/liter, respectively. Polyphasic analysis of these strains, including morphological, biochemical, CFA composition, DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and percent guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content analysis, demonstrated that these strains and \textit{Rhodobacter massiliensis} represent a new genus, "\textit{Haematobacter}" (proposed name), with the species \textit{H. missouriensis} (type strain H1892\textsuperscript{T} = CCUG 52307\textsuperscript{T} = CIP 109176\textsuperscript{T}) and \textit{H. massiliensis} comb. nov. (type strain Framboise\textsuperscript{T} = CCUG 47968\textsuperscript{T} = CIP 107725\textsuperscript{T}) and an unnamed genomospecies.}, doi = {10.1128/JCM.01188-06}, issue = {4}, pmid = {17287332} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{ArahalEtAl2005a, year = {2005}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {55}, pages = {2371-2376}, author = {Arahal, D.R. and Macian, M.C. and Garay, E. and Pujalte, M.J.}, title = {\textit{Thalassobius mediterraneus} gen. nov., sp. nov., and reclassification of \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovorans} as \textit{Thalassobius gelatinovorus} comb. nov.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, non-pigmented, strictly aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from sea water off the western Mediterranean coast near Valencia (Spain). This strain was able to grow on several organic acids and amino acids added to a minimal medium as carbon sources, but used few carbohydrates or yielded slight growth when sugars were used. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain XSM19T was a member of the \textit{Roseobacter} group within the '\textit{Alphaproteobacteria}', with its closest phylogenetic neighbour being \textit{Ruegeria gelatinovorans} (97.6 % sequence similarity). Following a polyphasic approach, it was concluded that strain XSM19T represents a new genus and novel species, for which the name \textit{Thalassobius mediterraneus} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XSM19T (=CECT 5383T=CIP 108400T=CCUG 49438T). It is also proposed that \textit{R. gelatinovorans} (Ruger & Hofle 1992) Uchino et al. 1999 is reclassified as \textit{Thalassobius gelatinovorus} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63842-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {16280499} } @article{DeshmukhOren2023aaaj, year = {2023}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {73}, pages = {6025}, author = {Deshmukh, U.B. and Oren, A.}, title = {Proposal of \textit{Thalassovita} gen. nov. and \textit{Alloyangia} gen. nov. as replacement names for the illegitimate prokaryotic generic names \textit{Thalassobius} and \textit{Yangia}, respectively.}, abstract = {The prokaryotic generic names \textit{Thalassobius} Arahal et al. 2005 and \textit{Yangia} Dai et al. 2006 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the genus names \textit{Thalassobius} Solier 1849 (Coleoptera) and \textit{Yangia} Zheng 1997 (fossil Rodentia), respectively Principle two and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes]. We therefore propose the replacement generic names \textit{Thalassovita} and \textit{Alloyangia}, with type species \textit{Thalassovita gelatinovora} and \textit{Alloyangia pacifica}, respectively.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006025}, issue = {9}, pmid = {37695726} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{HelselEtAl2007a, year = {2007}, journal = {J Clin Microbiol}, volume = {45}, pages = {1238-1243}, author = {Helsel, L.O. and Hollis, D. and Steigerwalt, A.G. and Morey, R.E. and Jordan, J. and Aye, T. and Radosevic, J. and Jannat-Khah, D. and Thiry, D. and Lonsway, D.R. and Patel, J.B. and Daneshvar, M.I. and Levett, P.N.}, title = {Identification of "\textit{Haematobacter}," a new genus of aerobic Gram-negative rods isolated from clinical specimens, and reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter massiliensis} as "\textit{Haematobacter massiliensis} comb. nov.".}, abstract = {Twelve strains of gram-negative, nonfermenting rods recovered mainly from septicemic patients were studied using conventional and molecular methods. The phenotypic profiles of these strains most closely resembled \textit{Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus}. They produced catalase, oxidase, urease, and H(2)S (lead acetate paper) but did not produce indole, reduce nitrate or nitrite, or hydrolyze gelatin or esculin. No acid production was observed in a King's oxidation-fermentation base containing d-glucose, d-xylose, d-mannitol, sucrose, lactose, or maltose. All strains were nonmotile and nonpigmented. Most strains produced green discoloration on blood agar. All strains grew at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C and most grew on MacConkey agar. They shared a common cellular fatty acid (CFA) profile characterized by large amounts (56% to 90%) of 18:1omega7c and the presence of 3-OH-10:0, 16:1omega7c, 16:0, and 19:0cycomega8c that overall was most similar to that of \textit{Rhodobacter} species but was quite distinct from that of \textit{P. phenylpyruvicus}. The MICs for most beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems were low. MICs for aztreonam and piperacillin were higher, with MICs for some strains of > 64 mg/liter and > 128 mg/liter, respectively. Polyphasic analysis of these strains, including morphological, biochemical, CFA composition, DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and percent guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content analysis, demonstrated that these strains and \textit{Rhodobacter massiliensis} represent a new genus, "\textit{Haematobacter}" (proposed name), with the species \textit{H. missouriensis} (type strain H1892\textsuperscript{T} = CCUG 52307\textsuperscript{T} = CIP 109176\textsuperscript{T}) and \textit{H. massiliensis} comb. nov. (type strain Framboise\textsuperscript{T} = CCUG 47968\textsuperscript{T} = CIP 107725\textsuperscript{T}) and an unnamed genomospecies.}, doi = {10.1128/JCM.01188-06}, issue = {4}, pmid = {17287332} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{RugerHofle1992a, year = {1992}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {42}, pages = {133-143}, author = {Ruger, H.J. and Hofle, M.G.}, title = {Marine star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacteria: \textit{Agrobacterium atlanticum} sp. nov.; \textit{Agrobacterium meteori} sp. nov.; \textit{Agrobacterium ferrugineum} sp. nov., nom. rev.; \textit{Agrobacterium gelatinovorum} sp. nov., nom. rev.; and \textit{Agrobacterium stellulatum} sp. nov., nom. rev.}, abstract = {Two new species of aerobic, gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated or nonmotile marine bacteria usually forming star-shaped aggregates were isolated from northeastern Atlantic Ocean bottom sediments. These organisms resembled eight star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacterial species from the Baltic Sea originally ascribed to the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} but not included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names because of their questionable relationships to true agrobacteria. These two sets of star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacteria were compared by means of phenotypic data, DNA base compositions, DNA-DNA relatedness, and one-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of low-molecular-weight RNAs (5S rRNA and tRNA). According to the results of genotyping, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean isolates and three of the Baltic Sea species formed a group of closely related bacteria that could not be excluded from the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} with certainty. Until more genotypic data are available, these five marine species are regarded as a distinct subdivision of the genus \textit{Agrobacterium} consisting of \textit{Agrobacterium atlanticum} sp. nov. (type strain, 1480T = DSM 5823T), \textit{A. meteori} sp. nov. (type strain, 1513T = DSM 5824T), \textit{A. ferrugineum} sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 25652T), \textit{A. gelatinovorum} sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 25655T), and \textit{A. stellulatum} sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 15215T). "A. aggregatum" proved to be a later subjective synonym of \textit{A. stellulatum}, which had priority. The remaining four Baltic Sea species, "\textit{A. agile}," "\textit{A. kieliense}," "\textit{A. luteum}," and "\textit{A. sanguineum}," could not be placed in the new subdivision of \textit{Agrobacterium}.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-42-1-133}, issue = {1}, pmid = {1371058} } @article{GirijaEtAl2010a, year = {2010}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {60}, pages = {2099-2107}, author = {Girija, K.R. and Sasikala, C.h. and Ramana, C.h.V. and Sproer, C. and Takaichi, S. and Thiel, V. and Imhoff, J.F.}, title = {\textit{Rhodobacter johrii} sp. nov., an endospore-producing cryptic species isolated from semi-arid tropical soils.}, abstract = {An oval to rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium, strain JA192\textsuperscript{T}, was isolated from an enrichment culture of a pasteurized rhizosphere soil sample from a field cultivated with jowar (sorghum) collected from Godumakunta village near Hyderabad, India. Strain JA192\textsuperscript{T} is Gram-negative, motile and produces endospores. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain JA192\textsuperscript{T} is closely related to \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides} 2.4.1\textsuperscript{T} (99.9 % sequence similarity), Rba. megalophilus JA194\textsuperscript{T} (99.8 %) and Rba. azotoformans KA25\textsuperscript{T} (98.1 %) and clusters with other species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} of the family \textit{Rhodobacteraceae}. However, DNA-DNA hybridization with Rba. sphaeroides DSM 158\textsuperscript{T}, Rba. megalophilus JA194\textsuperscript{T} and Rba. azotoformans JCM 9340\textsuperscript{T} showed relatedness of only 38-57 % with respect to strain JA192\textsuperscript{T}. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characters, strain JA192\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}, for which the name \textit{Rhodobacter johrii} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA192\textsuperscript{T} (=DSM 18678\textsuperscript{T} =JCM 14543\textsuperscript{T} =MTCC 8172\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.011718-0}, issue = {9}, pmid = {19854875} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{SureshEtAl2019a, year = {2019}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {10}, pages = {2480}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {The genus \textit{Rhodobacter} is taxonomically well studied, and some members are model organisms. However, this genus is comprised of a heterogeneous group of members. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} indicates a motley assemblage of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (genus \textit{Rhodobacter}) with interspersing members of other genera (chemotrophs) making the genus polyphyletic. Taxogenomics was performed to resolve the taxonomic conflicts of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} using twelve type strains. The phylogenomic analysis showed that \textit{Rhodobacter} spp. can be grouped into four monophyletic clusters with interspersing chemotrophs. Genomic indices (ANI and dDDH) confirmed that all the current species are well defined, except \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus}. The average amino acid identity values between the monophyletic clusters of \textit{Rhodobacter} members, as well as with the chemotrophic genera, are less than 80% whereas the percentage of conserved proteins values were below 70%, which has been observed among several genera related to \textit{Rhodobacter}. The pan-genome analysis has shown that there are only 1239 core genes shared between the 12 species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis supports the phylogenomic and genomic studies in distinguishing the four \textit{Rhodobacter} clusters. Each cluster is comprised of one to seven species according to the current \textit{Rhodobacter} taxonomy. Therefore, to address this taxonomic discrepancy we propose to reclassify the members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} into three new genera, \textit{Luteovulum} gen. nov., \textit{Phaeovulum} gen. nov. and \textit{Fuscovulum} gen. nov., and provide an emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} sensu stricto. Also, we propose reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} as a sub-species of \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480}, pmid = {31736915} } @article{SureshEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {1111}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Corrigendum: Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480.].}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01111}, pmid = {32582079} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{MuramatsuEtAl2007a, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {1304-1309}, author = {Muramatsu, Y. and Uchino, Y. and Kasai, H. and Suzuki, K. and Nakagawa, Y.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria mobilis} sp. nov., a member of the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} isolated in Japan and Palau.}, abstract = {The taxonomic positions of two bacterial strains, MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} and MBIC01099, isolated from marine environments of Japan and Palau, respectively, were determined by using a polyphasic approach. The bacteria were aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rods and formed star-shaped aggregations. The G+C content of the genomic DNA ranged from 58.5 to 58.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)omega6c and C(18 : 1)omega7c. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses based on both neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony methods revealed that strains MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} and MBIC01099 were positioned within the cluster comprising \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} and \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} within subgroup alpha-3 of the \textit{Proteobacteria}. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strains were similar to those of \textit{Ruegeria atlantica}; however, DNA-DNA hybridization tests showed that the isolates represented an independent species. The isolates could be differentiated from \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} based on several characteristics. Therefore, strains MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} and MBIC01099 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria mobilis} sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBIC01146\textsuperscript{T} (=NBRC 101030\textsuperscript{T}=CIP 109181\textsuperscript{T}). An emended description of \textit{Ruegeria atlantica} Uchino et al. 1999 is also given.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64572-0}, issue = {6}, pmid = {17551047} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008a, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2726-2733}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Nercessian, O. and Segaert, E. and Achouak, W. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm.}, abstract = {Seventy isolates were obtained from a marine electroactive biofilm that was generated on a cathodically polarized stainless steel electrode (Genoa, Italy). The genetic diversity was investigated by means of BOX-PCR fingerprinting and two clusters of isolates with similar BOX-PCR profiles were delineated. Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the \textit{Roseobacter} lineage of the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and a biochemical analysis demonstrated that four isolates belonged to the species \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}. However, 66 isolates from the second BOX-PCR cluster constituted a novel species within the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov. is proposed. The DNA G+C content was 61.0+/-0.4 %. The type strain is LMG 24367\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55858\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65843-0}, issue = {12}, pmid = {19060048} } @article{WirthWhitman2018a, year = {2018}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {68}, pages = {2393-2411}, author = {Wirth, J.S. and Whitman, W.B.}, title = {Phylogenomic analyses of a clade within the roseobacter group suggest taxonomic reassignments of species of the genera \textit{Aestuariivita}, \textit{Citreicella}, \textit{Loktanella}, \textit{Nautella}, \textit{Pelagibaca}, \textit{Ruegeria}, \textit{Thalassobius}, \textit{Thiobacimonas} and \textit{Tropicibacter}, and the proposal of six novel genera.}, abstract = {Roseobacters are a diverse and globally abundant group of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} within the \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} family. Recent studies and the cophenetic correlations suggest that the 16S rRNA genes are poor phylogenetic markers within this group. In contrast, the cophenetic correlation coefficients of the core-gene average amino acid identity (cAAI) and RpoC protein sequences are high and likely more predictive of relationships. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree calculated from 53 core genes demonstrated that some of the current genera were either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. The boundaries of bacterial genera were redefined based upon the cAAI, the percentage of conserved proteins, and phenotypic characteristics and resulted in the following taxonomic proposals. \textit{Loktanella vestfoldensis}, \textit{Loktanella litorea}, \textit{Loktanella maricola}, \textit{Loktanella maritima}, \textit{Loktanella rosea}, \textit{Loktanella sediminilitoris}, \textit{Loktanella tamlensis}, and \textit{Roseobacter} sp. CCS2 should be reclassified into the novel genus \textit{Yoonia}. \textit{Loktanella hongkongensis}, \textit{Loktanella aestuariicola}, \textit{Loktanella cinnabarina}, \textit{Loktanella pyoseonensis}, Loktanellasoe soekkakensis and \textit{Loktanella variabilis} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Limimaricola}. \textit{Loktanella koreensis} and \textit{Loktanella sediminum} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Cognatiyoonia}. \textit{Loktanella marina} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Flavimaricola}. \textit{Aestuariivita atlantica} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Pseudaestuariivita}. \textit{Thalassobius} maritima should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Cognatishimia}. Similarly, \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}, \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae}, \textit{Ruegeria} sp. TM1040 and \textit{Tropicibacter multivorans} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Epibacterium}. \textit{Tropicibacter litoreus} and \textit{Tropicibacter mediterraneus} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Ruegeria}. \textit{Thalassobius abyssi} and \textit{Thalassobius aestuarii} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Shimia}. \textit{Citreicella aestuarii}, \textit{Citreicella manganoxidans}, \textit{Citreicella marina}, \textit{Citreicella thiooxidans}, \textit{Pelagibaca bermudensis} and \textit{Thiobacimonas profunda} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Salipiger}. \textit{Nautella italica} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}. Because these proposals to reclassify the type and all others species of \textit{Citreicella}, \textit{Nautella}, \textit{Pelagibaca} and \textit{Thiobacimonas}, these genera are not used in this taxonomy.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.002833}, issue = {7}, pmid = {29809121} } @article{LiEtAl2009g, year = {2009}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {59}, pages = {2670-2674}, author = {Li, H.F. and Qu, J.H. and Yang, J.S. and Li, Z.J. and Yuan, H.L.}, title = {\textit{Paracoccus chinensis} sp. nov., isolated from sediment of a reservoir.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, short ovoid- to coccus-shaped, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (designated strain KS-11\textsuperscript{T}) was isolated from sediment of the eutrophic Guanting reservoir in Beijing, China. Colonies grown on R2A agar plates were circular, convex and colourless to orange. The strain grew in the presence of up to 1 % NaCl (optimum, 0 % NaCl). Growth occurred at 25-40 degrees C (optimum, 28-37 degrees C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5-9.0). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KS-11\textsuperscript{T} was shown to belong to the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}, being closely related to \textit{Paracoccus marinus} (96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by \textit{Paracoccus koreensis} (96.8 %), \textit{Paracoccus solventivorans} (96.8 %), \textit{Paracoccus alkenifer} (96.2 %) and \textit{Paracoccus kocurii} (95.8 %). The major fatty acids of strain KS-11\textsuperscript{T} were summed feature 7 (C(18 : 1)omega7c/omega9t/omega12t) (83.8 %) and C(18 : 0) (6.5 %) and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.0 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that strain KS-11\textsuperscript{T} represents a novel species of the genus \textit{Paracoccus}, named \textit{Paracoccus chinensis} sp. nov. The type strain is KS-11\textsuperscript{T} (=CGMCC 1.7655\textsuperscript{T}=NBRC 104937\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.004705-0}, issue = {11}, pmid = {19625438} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{PetursdottirKristjansson1997a, year = {1997}, journal = {Extremophiles}, volume = {1}, pages = {94-99}, author = {Petursdottir, S.K. and Kristjansson, J.K.}, title = {\textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic moderately halophilic bacterium characteristic of the Blue Lagoon geothermal lake in Iceland.}, abstract = {Mesophilic, moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from a silica-rich geothermal lake, the Blue Lagoon in Iceland. The isolates are strictly aerobic, but reduce nitrate to nitrite, and are oxidase- and catalase-positive. The nonsporeforming and nonmotile Gram negative rods are 0.6-0.8 microm in diameter and variable in length (9-18 microm), and contain gas vacuoles. The GC content in their DNA is 66.15%. The minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for growth are 22 degrees C, 45 degrees C, and 50 degrees C, respectively. The isolates do not grow without added salt in the medium and can grow at up to 7% NaCl (w/v). The optimal salinity for growth is 3.5%-4% NaCl. The pH range for growth is 6.5-8.5, with the optimal pH at 7.0. At optimal conditions the bacterium has a doubling time of 80 min. The main cytochrome is a membrane-bound cytochrome c with an alpha-peak at 549nm. Sequencing of 16S rRNA from the type strain ITI-1157 revealed it to be a proteobacterium of the alpha-subclass with the closest relatives being \textit{Roseobacter litoralis} and Paracoccuss kocuri. The new isolates do not contain bacteriochlorophyll a and are considered to represent a new genus and a new species, \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis}.}, doi = {10.1007/s007920050020}, issue = {2}, pmid = {9680308} } @article{VandecandelaereEtAl2008a, year = {2008}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {58}, pages = {2726-2733}, author = {Vandecandelaere, I. and Nercessian, O. and Segaert, E. and Achouak, W. and Faimali, M. and Vandamme, P.}, title = {\textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm.}, abstract = {Seventy isolates were obtained from a marine electroactive biofilm that was generated on a cathodically polarized stainless steel electrode (Genoa, Italy). The genetic diversity was investigated by means of BOX-PCR fingerprinting and two clusters of isolates with similar BOX-PCR profiles were delineated. Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the \textit{Roseobacter} lineage of the class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and a biochemical analysis demonstrated that four isolates belonged to the species \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}. However, 66 isolates from the second BOX-PCR cluster constituted a novel species within the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, for which the name \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae} sp. nov. is proposed. The DNA G+C content was 61.0+/-0.4 %. The type strain is LMG 24367\textsuperscript{T} (=CCUG 55858\textsuperscript{T}).}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65843-0}, issue = {12}, pmid = {19060048} } @article{YiEtAl2007b, year = {2007}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {57}, pages = {815-819}, author = {Yi, H. and Lim, Y.W. and Chun, J.}, title = {Taxonomic evaluation of the genera \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Silicibacter}: a proposal to transfer the genus \textit{Silicibacter} Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999 to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} Uchino et al. 1999.}, abstract = {The taxonomic positions of the genera \textit{Ruegeria} and \textit{Silicibacter} were evaluated by a polyphasic investigation. It was evident from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis that both genera are closely related as they formed a monophyletic clade with high sequence similarities (96.9-98.2 %). Several properties commonly found in these taxa strongly suggest that they should be classified in the same genus. Further, a comparative study based on DNA-DNA hybridization, phenotypic characterization and chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the members of this clade, namely \textit{Ruegeria atlantica}, \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} and \textit{Silicibacter pomeroyi}, can be readily differentiated from each other. On the basis of the polyphasic data obtained in this study, all species of the genus \textit{Silicibacter} should be transferred to the genus \textit{Ruegeria}, since the latter has nomenclatural priority. It is therefore proposed that \textit{Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis} and \textit{Silicibacter pomeroyi} are transferred to the genus \textit{Ruegeria} as \textit{Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis} comb. nov. and \textit{Ruegeria pomeroyi} comb. nov.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64568-0}, issue = {4}, pmid = {17392212} } @article{HansenImhoff1985a, year = {1985}, journal = {Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.}, volume = {35}, pages = {115-116}, author = {Hansen, T.A. and Imhoff, J.F.}, title = {\textit{Rhodobacter veldkampii}, a new species of phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-35-1-115}, issue = {1} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{SureshEtAl2019a, year = {2019}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {10}, pages = {2480}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {The genus \textit{Rhodobacter} is taxonomically well studied, and some members are model organisms. However, this genus is comprised of a heterogeneous group of members. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} indicates a motley assemblage of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (genus \textit{Rhodobacter}) with interspersing members of other genera (chemotrophs) making the genus polyphyletic. Taxogenomics was performed to resolve the taxonomic conflicts of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} using twelve type strains. The phylogenomic analysis showed that \textit{Rhodobacter} spp. can be grouped into four monophyletic clusters with interspersing chemotrophs. Genomic indices (ANI and dDDH) confirmed that all the current species are well defined, except \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus}. The average amino acid identity values between the monophyletic clusters of \textit{Rhodobacter} members, as well as with the chemotrophic genera, are less than 80% whereas the percentage of conserved proteins values were below 70%, which has been observed among several genera related to \textit{Rhodobacter}. The pan-genome analysis has shown that there are only 1239 core genes shared between the 12 species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis supports the phylogenomic and genomic studies in distinguishing the four \textit{Rhodobacter} clusters. Each cluster is comprised of one to seven species according to the current \textit{Rhodobacter} taxonomy. Therefore, to address this taxonomic discrepancy we propose to reclassify the members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} into three new genera, \textit{Luteovulum} gen. nov., \textit{Phaeovulum} gen. nov. and \textit{Fuscovulum} gen. nov., and provide an emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} sensu stricto. Also, we propose reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} as a sub-species of \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480}, pmid = {31736915} } @article{HiraishiEtAl1996a, year = {1996}, journal = {Syst. Appl. Microbiol.}, volume = {19}, pages = {168-177}, author = {Hiraishi, A. and Muramatsu, K. and Ueda, Y.}, title = {Molecular genetic analyses of \textit{Rhodobacter azotoformans} sp. nov. and related species of phototrophic bacteria.}, doi = {10.1016/s0723-2020(96)80042-7} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{SureshEtAl2019a, year = {2019}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {10}, pages = {2480}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {The genus \textit{Rhodobacter} is taxonomically well studied, and some members are model organisms. However, this genus is comprised of a heterogeneous group of members. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} indicates a motley assemblage of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (genus \textit{Rhodobacter}) with interspersing members of other genera (chemotrophs) making the genus polyphyletic. Taxogenomics was performed to resolve the taxonomic conflicts of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} using twelve type strains. The phylogenomic analysis showed that \textit{Rhodobacter} spp. can be grouped into four monophyletic clusters with interspersing chemotrophs. Genomic indices (ANI and dDDH) confirmed that all the current species are well defined, except \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus}. The average amino acid identity values between the monophyletic clusters of \textit{Rhodobacter} members, as well as with the chemotrophic genera, are less than 80% whereas the percentage of conserved proteins values were below 70%, which has been observed among several genera related to \textit{Rhodobacter}. The pan-genome analysis has shown that there are only 1239 core genes shared between the 12 species of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter}. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis supports the phylogenomic and genomic studies in distinguishing the four \textit{Rhodobacter} clusters. Each cluster is comprised of one to seven species according to the current \textit{Rhodobacter} taxonomy. Therefore, to address this taxonomic discrepancy we propose to reclassify the members of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} into three new genera, \textit{Luteovulum} gen. nov., \textit{Phaeovulum} gen. nov. and \textit{Fuscovulum} gen. nov., and provide an emended description of the genus \textit{Rhodobacter} sensu stricto. Also, we propose reclassification of \textit{Rhodobacter megalophilus} as a sub-species of \textit{Rhodobacter sphaeroides}.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480}, pmid = {31736915} } @article{SureshEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {1111}, author = {Suresh, G. and Lodha, T.D. and Indu, B. and Sasikala, C. and Ramana, C.V.}, title = {Corrigendum: Taxogenomics Resolves Conflict in the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}: A Two and Half Decades Pending Thought to Reclassify the Genus \textit{Rhodobacter}.}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02480.].}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01111}, pmid = {32582079} } @article{ChoGiovannoni2006a, year = {2006}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {56}, pages = {855-859}, author = {Cho, J.C. and Giovannoni, S.J.}, title = {\textit{Pelagibaca bermudensis} gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium within the \textit{Roseobacter} clade in the order \textit{Rhodobacterales}.}, abstract = {A Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, slightly halophilic, oval-shaped marine bacterium, designated HTCC2601T, was isolated from the western Sargasso Sea by high-throughput culturing involving dilution to extinction. Although the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate and \textit{Salipiger mucosus} was 96.5 %, phylogenetic analyses using different treeing algorithms clearly indicated that the strain forms a distinct lineage within a clade containing the recently classified genera \textit{Salipiger} and \textit{Palleronia} in the order \textit{Rhodobacterales} of the \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain HTCC2601T and \textit{S. mucosus} was 26.3 %. Strain HTCC2601T utilized a wide range of carbohydrates, including hexose monomers, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids, as sole carbon sources. The DNA G+C content of strain HTCC2601T was 65.4 mol%, and the predominant constituents of the cellular fatty acids were 18 : 1omega7c (79.7 %) and 11-methyl 18 : 1omega7c (7.5 %). The strain differed from members of the closely related genera \textit{Salipiger} and \textit{Palleronia} in its morphological, biochemical and ecological characteristics. On the basis of the taxonomic data obtained in this study, a novel genus and species, \textit{Pelagibaca bermudensis} gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed; HTCC2601T (=KCTC 12554T = JCM 13377T) is the type strain of \textit{Pelagibaca bermudensis}.}, doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64063-0}, issue = {4}, pmid = {16585706} } @article{HordtEtAl2020a, year = {2020}, journal = {Front Microbiol}, volume = {11}, pages = {468}, author = {Hordt, A. and Lopez, M.G. and Meier-Kolthoff, J.P. and Schleuning, M. and Weinhold, L.M. and Tindall, B.J. and Gronow, S. and Kyrpides, N.C. and Woyke, T. and Goker, M.}, title = {Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria}.}, abstract = {The class \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} is comprised of a diverse assemblage of Gram-negative bacteria that includes organisms of varying morphologies, physiologies and habitat preferences many of which are of clinical and ecological importance. \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} classification has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on a limited number of phenotypic features and interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Despite progress in recent years regarding the classification of bacteria assigned to the class, there remains a need to further clarify taxonomic relationships. Here, draft genome sequences of a collection of genomes of more than 1000 \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} and outgroup type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using the principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families and genera, including taxa recognized as problematic long ago but also quite recent taxa, as well as a few species were shown to be in need of revision. According proposals are made for the recognition of new orders, families and genera, as well as the transfer of a variety of species to other genera and of a variety of genera to other families. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving information on DNA G+C content and (approximate) genome size, both of which are confirmed as valuable taxonomic markers. Similarly, analysis of the gene content was shown to provide valuable taxonomic insights in the class. Significant incongruities between 16S rRNA gene and whole genome trees were not found in the class. The incongruities that became obvious when comparing the results of the present study with existing classifications appeared to be caused mainly by insufficiently resolved 16S rRNA gene trees or incomplete taxon sampling. Another probable cause of misclassifications in the past is the partially low overall fit of phenotypic characters to the sequence-based tree. Even though a significant degree of phylogenetic conservation was detected in all characters investigated, the overall fit to the tree varied considerably.}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468}, pmid = {32373076} } @article{WirthWhitman2018a, year = {2018}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {68}, pages = {2393-2411}, author = {Wirth, J.S. and Whitman, W.B.}, title = {Phylogenomic analyses of a clade within the roseobacter group suggest taxonomic reassignments of species of the genera \textit{Aestuariivita}, \textit{Citreicella}, \textit{Loktanella}, \textit{Nautella}, \textit{Pelagibaca}, \textit{Ruegeria}, \textit{Thalassobius}, \textit{Thiobacimonas} and \textit{Tropicibacter}, and the proposal of six novel genera.}, abstract = {Roseobacters are a diverse and globally abundant group of \textit{Alphaproteobacteria} within the \textit{Rhodobacteraceae} family. Recent studies and the cophenetic correlations suggest that the 16S rRNA genes are poor phylogenetic markers within this group. In contrast, the cophenetic correlation coefficients of the core-gene average amino acid identity (cAAI) and RpoC protein sequences are high and likely more predictive of relationships. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree calculated from 53 core genes demonstrated that some of the current genera were either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. The boundaries of bacterial genera were redefined based upon the cAAI, the percentage of conserved proteins, and phenotypic characteristics and resulted in the following taxonomic proposals. \textit{Loktanella vestfoldensis}, \textit{Loktanella litorea}, \textit{Loktanella maricola}, \textit{Loktanella maritima}, \textit{Loktanella rosea}, \textit{Loktanella sediminilitoris}, \textit{Loktanella tamlensis}, and \textit{Roseobacter} sp. CCS2 should be reclassified into the novel genus \textit{Yoonia}. \textit{Loktanella hongkongensis}, \textit{Loktanella aestuariicola}, \textit{Loktanella cinnabarina}, \textit{Loktanella pyoseonensis}, Loktanellasoe soekkakensis and \textit{Loktanella variabilis} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Limimaricola}. \textit{Loktanella koreensis} and \textit{Loktanella sediminum} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Cognatiyoonia}. \textit{Loktanella marina} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Flavimaricola}. \textit{Aestuariivita atlantica} should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Pseudaestuariivita}. \textit{Thalassobius} maritima should be reclassified in the novel genus \textit{Cognatishimia}. Similarly, \textit{Ruegeria mobilis}, \textit{Ruegeria scottomollicae}, \textit{Ruegeria} sp. TM1040 and \textit{Tropicibacter multivorans} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Epibacterium}. \textit{Tropicibacter litoreus} and \textit{Tropicibacter mediterraneus} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Ruegeria}. \textit{Thalassobius abyssi} and \textit{Thalassobius aestuarii} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Shimia}. \textit{Citreicella aestuarii}, \textit{Citreicella manganoxidans}, \textit{Citreicella marina}, \textit{Citreicella thiooxidans}, \textit{Pelagibaca bermudensis} and \textit{Thiobacimonas profunda} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Salipiger}. \textit{Nautella italica} should be reclassified in the genus \textit{Phaeobacter}. Because these proposals to reclassify the type and all others species of \textit{Citreicella}, \textit{Nautella}, \textit{Pelagibaca} and \textit{Thiobacimonas}, these genera are not used in this taxonomy.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.002833}, issue = {7}, pmid = {29809121} }