@article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{MillerEtAl2016a, year = {2016}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {66}, pages = {4744-4753}, author = {Miller, R.A. and Beno, S.M. and Kent, D.J. and Carroll, L.M. and Martin, N.H. and Boor, K.J. and Kovac, J.}, title = {\textit{Bacillus wiedmannii} sp. nov., a psychrotolerant and cytotoxic \textit{Bacillus cereus} group species isolated from dairy foods and dairy environments.}, abstract = {A facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming \textit{Bacillus} strain, FSL W8-0169T, collected from raw milk stored in a silo at a dairy powder processing plant in the north-eastern USA was initially identified as a \textit{Bacillus cereus} group species based on a partial sequence of the rpoB gene and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Analysis of core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms clustered this strain separately from known \textit{B. cereus} group species. Pairwise average nucleotide identity blast values obtained for FSL W8-0169T compared to the type strains of existing \textit{B. cereus} group species were <95 % and predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values were <70 %, suggesting that this strain represents a novel \textit{B. cereus} group species. We characterized 10 additional strains with the same or closely related rpoB allelic type, by whole genome sequencing and phenotypic analyses. Phenotypic characterization identified a higher content of iso-C16 : 0 fatty acid and the combined inability to ferment sucrose or to hydrolyse arginine as the key characteristics differentiating FSL W8-0169T from other \textit{B. cereus} group species. FSL W8-0169T is psychrotolerant, produces haemolysin BL and non-haemolytic enterotoxin, and is cytotoxic in a HeLa cell model. The name \textit{Bacillus wiedmannii} sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species represented by the type strain FSL W8-0169T (=DSM 102050T=LMG 29269T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001421}, issue = {11}, pmid = {27520992} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} } @article{FranklandFrankland1887a, year = {1887}, journal = {Royal Society London, Philosophical Transactions, Series B, Biological Sciences}, volume = {178}, pages = {257-287}, author = {Frankland, G.C. and Frankland, P.F.}, title = {Studies on some new microorganisms obtained from air.} } @article{JimenezEtAl2013a, year = {2013}, journal = {Syst Appl Microbiol}, volume = {36}, pages = {383-391}, author = {Jimenez, G. and Urdiain, M. and Cifuentes, A. and Lopez-Lopez, A. and Blanch, A.R. and Tamames, J. and Kampfer, P. and Kolsto, A.B. and Ramon, D. and Martinez, J.F. and Codoner, F.M. and Rossello-Mora, R.}, title = {Description of \textit{Bacillus toyonensis} sp. nov., a novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, and pairwise genome comparisons of the species of the group by means of ANI calculations.}, abstract = {Strain BCT-7112\textsuperscript{T} was isolated in 1966 in Japan from a survey designed to obtain naturally occurring microorganisms as pure cultures in the laboratory for use as probiotics in animal nutrition. This strain, which was primarily identified as \textit{Bacillus cereus} var toyoi, has been in use for more than 30 years as the active ingredient of the preparation TOYOCERIN((R)), an additive for use in animal nutrition (e.g. swine, poultry, cattle, rabbits and aquaculture). Despite the fact that the strain was initially classified as \textit{B. cereus}, it showed significant genomic differences from the type strains of the \textit{B. cereus} group that were large enough (ANI values below 92%) to allow it to be considered as a different species within the group. The polyphasic taxonomic study presented here provides sufficient discriminative parameters to classify BCT-7112\textsuperscript{T} as a new species for which the name \textit{Bacillus toyonensis} sp. nov. is proposed, with BCT-7112\textsuperscript{T} (=CECT 876\textsuperscript{T}; =NCIMB 14858\textsuperscript{T}) being designated as the type strain. In addition, a pairwise comparison between the available genomes of the whole \textit{B. cereus} group by means of average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculations indicated that besides the eight classified species (including \textit{B. toyonensis}), additional genomospecies could be detected, and most of them also had ANI values below 94%. ANI values were on the borderline of a species definition only in the cases of representatives of \textit{B. cereus} versus \textit{B. thuringiensis}, and \textit{B. mycoides} and \textit{B. weihenstephanensis}.}, doi = {10.1016/j.syapm.2013.04.008}, issue = {6}, pmid = {23791203} } @article{LiuEtAl2018a, year = {2018}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {68}, pages = {106-112}, author = {Liu, Y. and Lai, Q. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Genome analysis-based reclassification of \textit{Bacillus weihenstephanensis} as a later heterotypic synonym of \textit{Bacillus mycoides}.}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic status of the species \textit{Bacillus weihenstephanensis}. A complete genome sequence for the type strain of \textit{B. weihenstephanensis} was compared against that of the closely related type strain of \textit{Bacillus mycoides}. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between the two type strains was greater than two recognized thresholds for bacterial species delineation, indicating that they should belong to the same genomospecies. The psychrotolerant characteristic and signature sequences of 16S rRNA and cspA genes were incapable of distinguishing \textit{B. weihenstephanensis} from some non-\textit{B. weihenstephanensis} strains. Meanwhile, the metabolic, physiological and chemotaxonomic features for the type strain of \textit{B. weihenstephanensis} were shown to be congruent with those of \textit{B. mycoides}. On this basis, the taxonomic affiliations of related strains from the Genbank database were determined using multilocus sequence typing and genomic analyses. Therefore, we propose \textit{Bacillus weihenstephanensis} as a later heterotypic synonym of \textit{Bacillus mycoides} and correction of erroneous species identifications for several strains.}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.002466}, issue = {1}, pmid = {29095136} } @book{Flugge1886c, author = {Flügge, C.}, year = {1886}, title = {Die Mikroorganismen Teil 1, Auflage 3}, publisher = {F.C.W. Vogel}, address = {Leipzig} } @article{Nakamura1998a, year = {1998}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {48}, pages = {1031-1035}, author = {Nakamura, L.K.}, title = {\textit{Bacillus pseudomycoides} sp. nov.}, abstract = {Previous DNA relatedness studies showed that strains identified as \textit{Bacillus mycoides} segregated into two genetically distinct yet phenotypically similar groups, one being \textit{B. mycoides} sensu stricto and the other, an unclassified taxon. In the present study, the taxonomic position of this second group was assessed by measuring DNA relatedness and determining phenotypic characteristics of an increased number of \textit{B. mycoides} strains. Also determined was the second group's 16S RNA gene sequence. The 36 \textit{B. mycoides} strains studied segregated into two genetically distinct groups showing DNA relatedness of about 30%; 18 strains represented the species proper and 18 the second group with intragroup DNA relatedness for both groups ranging from 70 to 100%. DNA relatedness to the type strains of presently recognized species with G+C contents of approximately 35 mol% (\textit{Bacillus alcalophilus}, \textit{Bacillus cereus}, \textit{Bacillus circulans}, \textit{Bacillus lentus}, \textit{Bacillus megaterium} and \textit{Bacillus sphaericus}) ranged from 22 to 37%. Although shown to be genetically distinct taxa, the two \textit{B. mycoides} groups exhibited highly similar (98%) 16S RNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both \textit{B. mycoides} and the second group clustered closely with \textit{B. cereus}. Although not distinguishable by physiological and morphological characteristics, the two \textit{B. mycoides} groups and \textit{B. cereus} were clearly separable based on fatty acid composition. The data established that the second \textit{B. mycoides} group merits recognition as a new species for which the name \textit{Bacillus pseudomycoides} is proposed. The type stain is NRRL B-617\textsuperscript{T}.}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-48-3-1031}, issue = {3}, pmid = {9734060} } @article{LechnerEtAl1998b, year = {1998}, journal = {Int J Syst Bacteriol}, volume = {48}, pages = {1373-1382}, author = {Lechner, S. and Mayr, R. and Francis, K.P. and Pruss, B.M. and Kaplan, T. and Wiessner-Gunkel, E. and Stewart, G.S. and Scherer, S.}, title = {\textit{Bacillus weihenstephanensis} sp. nov. is a new psychrotolerant species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {The \textit{Bacillus cereus} group comprises the four valid species \textit{Bacillus cereus}, \textit{Bacillus mycoides}, \textit{Bacillus thuringiensis} and bacillus anthracis. Some isolates of \textit{B. cereus} are known to be psychrotolerant (growth at 7 degrees C or below). Here, specific sequence differences are described between the 16S rDNA, the 23S rDNA, the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region and the genes of the major cold-shock protein homologue cspA in a variety of psychrotolerant and mesophilic \textit{B. cereus} and \textit{B. mycoides} strains. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis using three different primers clearly separated psychrotolerant strains of both species from the rest of the \textit{B. cereus} group, as did inverse PCR patterns of the rDNA operons. These data strongly support a hitherto unrecognized fifth sub-group within the \textit{B. cereus} species group comprising psychrotolerant, but not mesophilic, \textit{B. cereus} strains. Despite the latter finding, the DNA sequences investigated exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity indicating a close relationship between the species of the \textit{B. cereus} group. Considering the unusual importance of \textit{B. cereus} in both food poisoning and food spoilage and to avoid merging all species of the group, a new species, \textit{Bacillus weihenstephanensis} sp. nov., comprising psychrotolerant 'cereus' strains, is proposed. Isolates of the new species grow at 4-7 degrees C but not at 43 degrees C and can be identified rapidly using rDNA or cspA targeted PCR. The type strain is \textit{B. weihenstephanensis} WSBC 10204T (= DSM 11821T).}, doi = {10.1099/00207713-48-4-1373}, issue = {4}, pmid = {9828439} } @article{Berliner1915a, year = {1915}, journal = {Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie Berlin}, volume = {2}, pages = {29-56}, author = {Berliner, E.}, title = {Über die Schlaffsucht der Mehlmottenraupe (Ephestia kühniella Zell) und ihren Erreger \textit{Bacillus thuringiensis} n. sp.} } @article{HannayFitzjames1955a, year = {1955}, journal = {Can J Microbiol}, volume = {1}, pages = {694-710}, author = {Hannay, C.L. and Fitz-James, P.}, title = {The protein crystals of \textit{Bacillus thuringiensis} Berliner.}, doi = {10.1139/m55-083}, issue = {8}, pmid = {13270146} } @article{LiuEtAl2017l, year = {2017}, journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol}, volume = {67}, pages = {2499-2508}, author = {Liu, Y. and Du, J. and Lai, Q. and Zeng, R. and Ye, D. and Xu, J. and Shao, Z.}, title = {Proposal of nine novel species of the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group.}, abstract = {Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the \textit{Bacillus cereus} group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus \textit{Bacillus}. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the \textit{B. cereus} group: \textit{Bacillus paranthracis} sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); \textit{Bacillus pacificus} sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); \textit{Bacillus tropicus} sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); \textit{Bacillus albus} sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); \textit{Bacillus mobilis} sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); \textit{Bacillus luti} sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); \textit{Bacillus proteolyticus} sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); \textit{Bacillus nitratireducens} sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and \textit{Bacillus paramycoides} sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).}, doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.001821}, issue = {8}, pmid = {28792367} }